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The "New" Lounge
PET
VIC
TED
LAB
STORE

My Collection

ABOUT ME

coming soon
Disclaimer:
All the information presented here, was taken from the following sources:
Brain Bagnal's Book
On the Edge: The Spectacular Rise and Fall of Commodore.
Available at Amazon.ca
The new edition had been delayed at Amazon until Feb.2010
Also, a lot of information has come from Video interviews with Bil Herd and Dave Haynie. Dave has a lot of videos on You-Tube. Search them out.. I wish I could post them here, but I don't have permission.
Lastly, more sites on the net have information. There are even a few dedicated sites to the C16. Do a Goggle search, because Bing is just a flash in the pan.:)
Please help keep the lounge alive
and donate Today.Your donation helps keep an Computer from ending up
in a Landfill, and keeping the history Alive for future generations!
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Friday, January 30, 2009
Its Christmas only a month late!
Well, The deal I had been making in November finally came through! Today, I got my first A3000 Desktop in. The seller shipped it UPS and lately UPS has been slower than USPS! We all know my rants on UPS, but this time they did not demand a extortion (border) fee!
UPS also banged the crap out of it. The External CD rom really took a beating, right now it only looks like cosmetic (at the back) damage, but it rally chokes me that I have to hunt down replacement parts. Luckily, I found a thrift store near by that has a SCSI external CD rom (its a burner also) for like $45 CND.
The above photo is stock- Again, no Camera today. If a camera company wants me to plug their warez, by all means, send me one, please.
My A3000D was both a let down and a pleasant surprise. At first, I was upset. I opened the box to find that UPS banged in the back corner a bit.
Also the previous owner chose to cut the front bezel in ordder to add an internal zip drive, and the floppy drive is definaly not original and the eject button is way to small for the original opening. The keyboard is from an A2000 and one of the keys was broken in shipping. I think it will work as the wiring is the same, but the plug may be a different size.
This unit is definatly not a nice example of a A3000 desktop, but as they say "looks can be deceiving".
I opened this baby right away. I have been "planning ahead" and trying to get Zip Ram and Upgraded KS Roms for this. I was pleasantly surprised when I saw that the Zip Ram banks were fully populated. The units came stock with 1 meg of ram, and the banks hold up to 16 Megs. The cheapest I could find was $40 for 4 Megs, so I thought I would have to invest another $160 into this unit just for Ram. It also has KS Roms 40.68 which I believe are 3.1 ROMS, So that saves me another $40. Just those 2 things are what I paid for the unit, so I am already ahead.
The unit has a revision 9 motherboard.

I also removed the battery, there was luckily no damage, but the battery looked like it had been replaced, bit was just very loose on top of the mobo, so I removed it.
This afternoon, I will attempt to fire her up and see if she still works.
Sunday, January 25, 2009
Stripping Sunday
Ok, again no Camera, but I spent the day working on my A2000HD. I first removed the rubber feet on the bottom and used Fantastic to remove the glue residue. Commodore marked out Circles where the fet should go so I put the felt Pads there. I also put alot more felt on the bottom, as I don't trust the dollar store felt, and I suspect it will fall off over time.

I then proceed to tear the A2000 down and removed the old floppy drive and installed the 2 new one from Amiga kit . com. They have sequential serial numbers (like anyone really cares) and they are not as high , so there will be a gap when all is back together between the top of the drives and the case. I also took this time to inspect the battery. it is just starting to leak, so I removed it befor any damage could be done to the motherboard. The problem today is I could not remove the motherboard because of the screws again. It seems that over time, the screws that Comodore used seem to become soft, and the simple fact that Commodore torked the scews down really tightly, leads one to easily strip the heads with just one turn. Looks like I need the dremal for this project, and this is getting old and frustrating. Untill i find a satifactory solution or get an "Easy out" I may just have to leave off replacing batteries for the time being.
Thursday, January 22, 2009
A small Bit of truth
It's Thursday, Day 2 of the "NEW" United States, and guess what? Everything is just the same as it was last week. With all the Hoopla go on on Tuesday, you would have thought that the sun would shine brighter and the Whole world would be in hand in hand in peace and harmony.
Not much new on the Amiga today, I have to go pick up a package at the Post Office because I was working yesterday morning shift. This is my software packages for the online store, so not all that exciting. No hardware arriving today that I know of.
I want to share this letter from Failblog. org. I imagine this is the rejection letter HP/Voodoo WANTED to send me, but were too politically correct to word it this way. The truth is always better than fluff people.

I especially love the line "quite frankly you scare us". This was actually said by one manager at HP/ Voodoo, he also suggested I get "professional Help" for a psychiatrist.
BTW, I would NEVER call the HR rep a Skank Ho (to her face anyway) even though most HR reps are useless wastes of meat.
And now you know why I am not working for HP/Voodoo.
Tuesday, January 20, 2009
Amiga Tuesday
Well, another Tuesday, and I did start out putting my CDTV back together today. For those that wish a bit closer look at the internals, the following pictures, I took for the Ebay Auction. Yes I put the parts CDTV up on Ebay, but if it doesn't sell, I will use it for a project box and update it to a modern DVD player
.

I had a visit from my Webhost today , so I went for lunch and basicly shot the day, but tonight I might just start the A2000 teardown as all the new parts came in. Amiga Kit has changed the style of battery holders they sell, so a bit of modding is needed as the part as is, will not fit on the motherboard as cleanly as the old style does.
I also want to get back to the Ram cards. With the new battery holders, I can clean up the rest of the ram cards. Below are some better pictures of the exploded battery.



Ok, so my plate is full now for a bit.
Monday, January 19, 2009
CDTV in
I got my shipment (just now) from Amiga Kit and Fed EX. I will be working on the A2000HD tomorrow (if I get the day off) now that I have the right parts. I got my tools in yesterday, and stripped the old CDTV down, But have not taken the Minty CDTV apart yet. Here are the photos I took Friday:
In my stereo Cabinet.

The neat thing is these units used caddys. If you are not familiar with caddies, way back in the day, CD Drives did not have trays that slid out, Instead you put the CD'S in Caddies and essentially turned the CD into a big floppy Drive.
An Open -Empty Caddy.

Drop the CD in and close the lid.

Slide Caddy in like a big Floppy disk.
Friday, January 16, 2009
Windows 7
Well today is just great!
I installed Windows 7 yesterday, because we all know Vista sucks ass! Well, Windows 7 has some good and bad points on this machine . It runs faster then Vista, but that being said, the ONLY thing I can do is access Firefox and surf the web. Windows explore does not work at all. I can't even access my pictures and load them up today. I cant even access the control panel, really nothing works.I did do an "upgrade" not a clean install. Just goes to show that I should practice what I preach and back up and do a format and clean install. I think on Sunday will be that day, and I will put XP back on this darn machine, then I can shut the frigin touchpad off and type properly on this keyboard. Either that or I will Rip this laptop apart once and for all and distroy the frign touchpad once and for all. You really have no Idea how much I dispise it. Words can not describe the depths of my hatred of touchpads on laptops. I have dreamed up all sorts of ways to kill the inventor of the touchpad, as it is the bane of my existence on this laptop. I would switch to an external keyboard, but I paid so much money just to have a full size keyboard on my laptop.
I do not hate anything else as much as I hate touchpads on laptops, it is the only thing that keeps me swearing like a sailor on laptops. Not even linux, mac's or Vista ever and I mean ever! has boiled my blood as much as my touchpad has on my (and any)laptop. It is they first thing that usually gets turfed.
I had a bunch of nice pictures to upload today, but because of Windows 7 not accessing Windows explorer, I can't even download the pictures from my camera to to laptop.
Amiga news
I have a A3000 supposedly on its way!! I also got another A1000 unit. The Fed Ex website says I should have my parts from AmigaKit here by Monday, and I have procured the right tools, to take apart the CDTV. It looks like Commodore used Philips 0 or 00 screws for most of the CDTV's internals. I have hunted down a good screwdriver for this as it looks like they torqued the screws down really really tight, so a regular Philips would just strip the heads. I pick the tools up on Sunday.
I also got a torx 10 driver as the A500 originally came with these screws in the outer shell.
So it looks like the next week is my Amiga projects week, once I get the package from Fed Ex.
Too much to do, so little time.
Tuesday, January 13, 2009
Redirection Magic
As of noon Yesterday (January 12 2008), the old Iboughtavoodoolaptop.com has been redirected here. HA HA, clear your caches kitties, it's dead! I have been getting numerous E-mails wanting my opinion on the new HP Firebird PC and other going's on at Voodoo. I will not comment on the Firebird, because I know next to nothing on it, nor do I really care too at this time. I didn't even keep up with anything at CES. So the only conclusion I can draw at this time is stated in the photo below, due to lack of any real data on the machine (and I don't wish to get into ANOTHER debate with Ryan, in which I end up eating crow again). (Also, to be fair, Voodoo had this on the design board 15 months ago), but it does look rather suspicious, especially from a company that is suppose to value innovation, not piracy.

Ok, Back to the Amiga. I got my new CDTV in today and boy is it sweeeeet looking (photos to come later- camera issues again). I am ALMOST afraid to rip it down to put the new power supply in as it is so minty looking. I also have gotten a hold of some NOS software packages and will be posting them up in the online store once they arive and it is ready to go.
Sunday, January 11, 2009
Getting Jumpy-must wait a bit longer....
Another day off, and another day of waiting for Amiga hardware. According to the Canada Post tracking web-site, My new CDTV should be here tomorrow.
In preparation, yesterday, I tried to remove the Power supply from the old CDTV, but that lasted Approximately 2minutes, because my drill bits broke almost immediately after trying to drill out the screws. NEVER buy drill bits at the dollar store, because there is a reason they are there. I guess I will have to break down and ether track a tap and die set or get a hold of a Dremil tool.
I also contacted Amiga kit yesterday to find out the status of my order. I had ordered a bunch of parts, including a half a dozen battery holders on December 27, and so far the order has not been shipped. Due to the Christmas Holidays, they are a bit behind in their orders, and they said it should be shipped Monday, so I will be waiting until Next Monday (Jan 19,) before I can continue on my A 2000HD system. I ordered 2 replacement floppy drives and Also another bottom shell for a A500. Once that shipment comes in, IF the shell survives shipping, I will be able to get all 3 A500 nice, All that will be needed is another A500 floppy drive (I think).
The reason I have not touched the A500's yet, is simple. I want to paint the shells a nice eggshell white. The biggest hurtle is the weather. Up until yesterday, the average daytime high temperature here in Edmonton has been -25 C. I have to paint out side, so I will be waiting for a warm day (at least 0) to do this. Again, a ton of stuff to do and just have to wait for parts or summer time.
But, that doesn't mean nothing is being done. I am still Scanning manuals in converting to PDF.s and working on the website slowly. By now most have you have seen the old website is officially down. I have deleted everything from the server, but I am keeping the domain name (and my paypal address is still set up there). I will not be letting the name lapse, but it is for sale for anyone that wants it. (you can email me there: voodoo (at) Iboughtavoodoolaptop.com)Although I will be commenting on some blogs in general about the computer industry, I wont be commenting specifically on Voodoo anymore. That chapter of my life is closed (unless, by some miracle Voodoo (or HP) contacts me and makes me an offer I can't refuse- like that will happen)
Tuesday, January 6, 2009
Amiga Hardware History - The NON-Computers Pt.2 -CD32

The Amiga CD32 was the first 32-bit CD-ROM based video game console released in western Europe and Canada. It was first announced at the Science Museum in London, United Kingdom on 16 July 1993, and was released in September of the same year. The CD32 is based on Commodore's Advanced Graphics Architecture chipset, and is of similar specification to the Amiga 1200 computer. Using 3rd-party devices, it is possible to upgrade the CD32 with keyboard, floppy drive, hard drive and mouse, turning it into a personal computer. A hardware MPEG decompression module for playing Video CD was also available. The CD32 managed to secure over 50% of the CD-ROM market in the UK in 1993 and 1994, outselling the Sega Mega-CD, the Philips CDi, and even PC CD-ROM sales.
The CD32 was released in Canada and was planned for release in the United States. However, a deadline was reached for Commodore to pay a patent royalty to Cad Track for their use of their XOR patent. A federal judge ordered an injunction against Commodore preventing them from importing anything into the United States. Commodore had built up CD32 inventory in their Philippine manufacturing facility for the United States launch, but, being unable to sell the consoles, they remained in the Philippines until the debts owed to the owners of the facility were settled. Commodore declared bankruptcy shortly afterwards, and the CD32 was never officially sold in the United States.[2] However, imported models did come over the border from Canada, and many stores in the United States (primarily mail-order stores) imported units for domestic sale. During the long bankruptcy proceedings, Commodore UK also provided some hardware components and software for the American market, including production of the MPEG Video Module that was not officially released by Commodore International.
On its release, the CD32 was marketed by Commodore as 'the world's first 32-bit CD games console'. Although it was indeed the first such machine released in Europe and North America, the FM Towns Marty, a console released exclusively in Japan, beat it to market by two years.
Ultimately, Commodore was not able to meet demand for new units because of component supply problems. Sales of the CD32 in Europe were not enough to save Commodore, and the bankruptcy of Commodore International in April 1994 caused the CD32 to be discontinued only months after its debut.[ During it's short life the Amiga CD32 shifted approximately 100,000 units.
Contents
Standard Specifications
Case Type: Custom Console
Processor: 020@14.7Mhz
MMU: None
FPU: None
Chipset: AGA (with additional Akiko chip)
Kickstarts: V3.1
Expansion Slots: 1 x 182pin Expansion Slot.
Standard CHIP RAM: 2MB
RAM sockets: None
Hard Drive Controllers: None, however the system does have a custom CDROM controller.
Drive Bays: None
Expansion Ports: 1 x S-Video 4pin mini DIN
1 x RF
1 x RCA Composite
2 x 9pin Joypad/Mouse
2 x RCA Audio (Left/Right)
1 x 3.5mm Headphone Socket
1 x 6pin DIN AUX (Serial)
1 x 182pin Expansion Slot
Floppy Drive: None
Motherboard Revisions: Rev 1 (Developer Board)
Rev 2 (Developer Board)
Rev 3 (First Public Release)
Rev 4
Rev 4.1
Battery Backed Up Clock: None

The CD32 was Commodore's attempt at entering the console market. The CD32 is fully Amiga compatible and with the addition of other hardware such as a floppy drive or hard disk can also play games intended for more conventional machines such as the A1200. It does however have a chip called Akiko, which as well as handling some functions of the CD-ROM (twin speed) is also responsible for handling chunky to planar conversion. Many CD32 games are also compatible with other Amigas, providing they don't rely on Akiko (although there are Akiko emulators available). The CD-32 has a rather unique kickstart screen. Unlike most other Amiga models which show a simple hand holding a disk (Kickstart 1.3 and earlier) or an animated disk being inserted into a floppy drive (Kickstart 2 to Kickstart 3.1) the CD-32 has a fully animated intro with a spinning CD, glorious colours and an intro sound. It also has built-in software for playing audio CDs. The CD-32 can also boot from CD-ROMs unlike more conventional Amigas. At the time of release, the CD-32 was probably the only console in the world with a 32bit pre-emptive multitasking operating system. There are several expansions for the CD32 which can effectively turn it into a fully expanded Amiga with hard drives, extra RAM and faster processors. The CD-32 was supplied with either one or two joypads which are also compatible with all other conventional Amigas.
During the development phase of the CD32, Commodore provided registered Amiga developers with the development versions of the CD32. These versions usually contained a Rev 1 or 2 motherboard. The first public release of the CD32 used a rev 3 motherboard. Apparently the developer versions may also have been supplied with a "debug" card which gave the CD32 much of the standard ports that the A1200 had. This was intended to help the developers port software to the CD32.
Accessories and third party devices
The CD32 can be enhanced using these devices: ProModule, Paravision SX-1 and DCE SX-32 (which optionally includes 68030 CPU).
Those devices extend the capability of Amiga CD32, allowing it to utilize hardware such as an external 3.5" floppy disk drive, hard disk and IBM PC keyboard. An Amiga CD32 can be turned into a de facto Amiga 1200 via the addition of 3rd party packages. The SX-1 appears to have been designed around Commodore's mechanical specs and not the actual production units – it did not fit very well and requires an internal 'modification' to fit properly. Consequently, the SX-1 can be jarred loose if the console is not handled gently. The upgraded SX-32 expansion pack (which included a 68030 25 MHz processor) solves these problems.
In addition to its own special controllers, the Amiga CD32 is also compatible with most 9-pin D-Sub controllers from the 80s and 90s, including the SEGA Megadrive/Genesis controllers, SEGA Master System controllers, and all Amiga/C64 joysticks as well as Amiga mice and paddles.
CDs created for the CD32 conform to ISO 9660 level2, mode1; although the Rock Ridge and Joliet extensions are not compatible.
Software
If the system is turned on without a CD, a splash screen with scrolling colours will appear and a tune will play. After this tune ends, the user can press the blue button on the game pad to enter a language selection menu. The user can also press the red button to access a menu where they can view the contents of the internal Flash ROM. Unlike most game consoles, this menu does not allow the user to delete items. Instead, the system will automatically overwrite the oldest entries when memory runs out. The menu allows the user to "lock" files to prevent overwriting.
At launch, the CD32 was bundled with two games, Diggers, a new game from Millennium Interactive, and Oscar from Flair. A later pack included the one-on-one fighting game Dangerous Streets, a move by Commodore that was met with derision by the press. Many reviewers had given Dangerous Streets terrible scores (Amiga Power rating it just 3%) and were surprised that with a slew of powerful rival consoles about to hit the market, Commodore would choose to show off the abilities of its machine with a poor game.
The CD32 was capable of running most of the titles developed for the Amiga CDTV multimedia device (differences in CPU speed and Kickstart version prevented some of the earlier CDTV titles from running). Many of the games released for the CD32 were simply ports of games that were already available for Amiga computers. One benefit of this is that, when appropriate, many games retain the ability to use an Amiga mouse (in port 2) or Amiga keyboard (plugged into the AUX port).
Like all later Amiga computers, the CD32 has a hidden boot menu that can be accessed by plugging an Amiga mouse into port 2 and holding both buttons down while turning the system on. Most of the options in this menu are not useful on a CD32, but from this menu you can choose to boot in either NTSC or PAL mode. This is important, as there are some games that will refuse to work if the system is in the wrong mode, since most games don't advertise what video mode they were developed for. It should also be pointed out that despite the naming, the menu really only allows a choice of 60 Hz or 50 Hz video output; a PAL system booted in NTSC mode will still output a video signal using PAL color encoding, which will usually result in a black and white picture when connected to an NTSC television.While the console was fairly successful during its lifespan and managed to be the best-selling CD format console in 1993, it was not able to sustain its growth, with Commodore filing for Chapter 11 just a year after its release after not being able to secure additional CD32 shipments for the holiday season. It was speculated that the holiday season could have kept Commodore afloat for another six months. Another problem was the lack of original games, which had also plagued the CDTV before it.The CD32 arrived at a time when new, technically demanding genres such as the first person shooter were becoming popular. While the console was capable of handling some or all of these new types of genres, games developers saw more profit in shovelware—taking an older game and either adding an FMV intro or even (in some cases) just directly transferring the floppy game onto CD. A few pieces of original software did appear and some were well received but by and large the CD32 found itself with a software library mainly containing titles that were up to five years old and which much of the machine's target audience already owned. Given that, along with the fact that 'hot' games like Doom and Virtua Fighter were planned for release on the CD32's competitors, many observers blamed shovelware for the machine's relative failure.However, a large fan base carried over from the success of other Amiga computers, and several notable titles, such as Microcosm, Liberation: Captive 2, Simon the Sorcerer and Super Stardust prevented the console from sliding into total obscurity.
Uses of the CD32
In 1993, 109 CD32s were installed to run the interactive exhibits at the London Transport Museum, Covent Garden. They provided information, animations, pictures, sound and text available in several languages, as well as a London Underground simulator. The systems were produced by the Odiham, Hampshire-based company Index Information, utilising their CD32x interface units.In 1995, an Italian company named CD Express used the CD32 as a basis for an arcade machine called "CUBO CD32". Inside these machines, stock CD32s were hooked up to an external circuit board which essentially acted as a converter to route all the input and output into a standard JAMMA connector for use in an arcade cabinet. The software was provided on CD-ROM. Nine games are known to exist, all of which are original games created by CD Express.
In the mid to late 1990s, some vehicle registries in Canada utilized CD32 systems for interactive multimedia testing for drivers license applications.
Fun Facts
Even though it was the first console launched in Canada, It is widely over look and ignored. On a recent Discovery Channel show they mentioned the first was Sega, but The CDTV was launch over a year ahead of Sega.
Ebay Auctions.
There is a few companies in China that sell NOS NTSC CD32 units. Expect to pay about $99 USD for a new one.
My Collection
No, I have not even tried to get one yet, to many other Amigas to come first.
Amiga Hardware History - The NON-Computers Pt.1 -CDTV
Photos removed due to hotlinking
The Commodore CDTV- Way ahead of its time
So When is a Amiga 500 not an Amiga 500?
Simple, when it a Commodore CDTV.
Way back in 1991, before the birth of the modern DVD, Some guy at Commodore envisioned the future. A future where, like the VCR, you could have a set top box to play movies, CD's and games. He or she also probably though that this would be a good way to sell Amiga 500's to "Non- Computer people". So they came up with the Commodore CDTV.

The CDTV was actually called Commodore Dynamic Total Vision or "CDTV" for short. Commodore wanted to distance this device away from the computers, in order to sell them to the regular people, hence there is not one "Amiga" labeling on any of the components. Under the hood, it is just an Amiga 500 with a CD Rom drove added instead of a Floppy drive.

It also came in 2 packages, the regular bundle with just the unit and the remote, or you could get the "Pro" version with a keyboard, Floppy and Mouse. You could also get expantion packs that could allow you to do basic home video editing. They even sold a Black monitor so you could have a "Total Workstation". Also Commodore even released an external hard drive for it Via the upgraded Scsi port.

The big problem, is that it was release before Mpeg standards were out, or even DVD's, so not much "real" cd software or movies exits in this format. Also, it was only released in Canada and Europe so, the US never officially saw it in stores. But, like all the Amiga's, 3rd party upgrades are avalible (although I haven't heard of DVD playback yet). Many companies tried to market simular devices, like the Phillips CDi, but because of proprietary standards, none ever cough on. Commodore tried a "follow -up" called the CDTV2 or CDTVCR. It was based on a much more powerful Amiga 600, but really never got out of the development stage. 3 are really know to exist.
The above 2 pictures are from an Ebay Auction for the CD-CR, as expected, it sold for a few thousand dollars.
Ebay Auctions
These units can go for as low as $100 for just the base unit to $250+ for a unit with a keyboard.
Infact, There was the CD1500 Set, which just had a keyboard, mouse and floppy and the last one sold a few weeks ago for $350.
My Collection (as of January 1, 2008)
I have 1 unit here in pieces that I took apart to clean, but I believe at this time, will be impossible (without the right tool) to put back together again because of the way the 2 fron ribbon cables are made and "crimpt" to the motherboard. I have a second "minty" unit in shipping with boxes, manuals etc, but the power supply is shot, so I will carefully transplant the Power Supply.
I had to pay $100 apiece for these 2 units. I really have no Dreams of getting a keyboard soon, but I can order Mice and NOS controllers all day long for them, but keyboards are rare, as a lot of people bought them a long time ago, because they were black and used them for varous projects.
Amiga Hardware History Pt.10- The A4000T (Tower)
All photos removed Due to Hotlinking
The A4000T from Commodore only saw a limited production of machines (estimated at 200) before they went bust in 1994. North American units were manufactured in West Chester, Pensylvania whilst European units were assembled in Bensheim, Germany. The A4000T is arguably the best Amiga model ever made. It is easy to assume that the A4000T is simply the same motherboard as the desktop A4000, but this is not the case. The A4000T uses a totally separate motherboard. The A4000T is intended to be a large AT form factor motherboard and infact appears to use a standard PC AT power supply. Unlike the desktop version, the A4000T also includes a SCSI-II controller on the motherboard in addition to a 3.5" IDE controller. This is why the A4000T uses a slightly different version of Kickstart 3.1 compared to other Amigas (including the A4000). It contains the drivers for the SCSI-II controller in ROM and in order to allow it to fit, workbench.library was moved from ROM, supplied on the Workbench disks and is loaded from LIBS: like any other disk based library. The A4000T also contains an internal speaker for native sound output, however external speakers and headphones can also be used. The speaker can be disabled or enabled by pressing the button labelled "Turbo". The case also contains a reset button as well as a key lock. The A4000T also uses coin shaped lithium batteries unlike most Amiga models which use the barrel shaped batteries. The A4000T contains 4 x 72pin SIMM slots for adding up to 16MB of RAM in addition to the 2MB of Chip RAM surface mounted on the motherboard. SIMM sizes of 1MB, 2MB, 4MB and 8MB can be used. Please note, than even though it is possible to use 8MB SIMMs, you are still limited to 16MB on the motherboard. If 8MB SIMMs are used, only 2 SIMMs can be used and they must be inserted in alternate slots. All of the external connectors in the A4000T reside on little cards which in turn connect to the motherboard. This means they could easily be replaced or upgraded and infact some companies did release alternate cards for the small PCB containing the video related ports. The A4000T uses the 5pin DIN keyboard connector, unlike the PS/2 style connector which the A4000 uses. Unusual for Amigas, the A4000T does NOT have an external floppy drive connector, however two internal drives can be used.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Amiga 4000T (made by Commodore) Amiga 4000T made by Commodore
Type Personal computer
Release date 1994
Discontinued 1994
Operating system Amiga OS 3.1
CPU Motorola 68040 @ 25 MHz
Memory 6 MB
Amiga 4000T (made by Escom) Amiga 4000T made by Escom
Type Personal computer
Release date 1996 (introduced 1995)
Discontinued 1997
Operating system Amiga OS 3.1
CPU Motorola 68040 @ 25 MHz or 68060 @ 50 MHz
Memory 6 MB
The Amiga 4000T, also known as A4000T, was a tower version of the A4000 computer. Using the AGA chipset, it was originally released in small quantities in 1994 with a 25 MHz Motorola 68040 CPU, and rereleased in greater numbers after Commodore's demise by Escom in 1995, along with a new variant which featured a 50 MHz Motorola 68060 CPU. Despite the subsequent demise of Escom, production was continued by QuikPak in North America into at least 1997.
The A4000T was the only Amiga ever to have both SCSI and IDE interfaces built-in on the motherboard. Having driver software for both interfaces in the 512 KB ROM meant that some other parts of AmigaOS had to be moved from the ROM, and thus the A4000T is the only machine to require the file "workbench.library" to be stored on disk. It was also the only Amiga to use a PC form factor for the motherboard (AT), and one of the few to use a Lithium Ion backup battery instead of a NiCd, vastly reducing the risk of an aging battery leaking corrosive fluids onto the motherboard and causing damage. Modularity was another unique aspect to the machine, with the CPU, audio, video, and input-output ports all on separate daughterboards.
The machine was targeted as a high-end video workstation with expandability in mind and an eye towards NewTek's Video Toaster. Its motherboard contains two Amiga Video Slots, five 100-pin Zorro III slots, and 4 ISA slots, and its case can accommodate up to six drives. Up to 16 MB of RAM can be installed on the motherboard, while additional RAM can be installed on some CPU boards (up to 128 MB), and yet more can be added on Zorro cards.
This was the final computer to be released by Commodore International. Only a couple of hundred 4000Ts were produced before the whole company folded. Production of the 4000Ts was restarted after Escom bought the Amiga assets. Apart from the new option of a 68060 CPU, the Escom-manufactured 4000Ts had minor differences with the old one, including the substitution of the high density floppy drive with a double density one, and a different front bezel to the case.
Specifications
* CPU:
o 68040 at 25 MHz
o 68060 at 50 MHz
* Memory:
o 512 kB Kickstart ROM
o 2 MB Amiga Chip RAM
o Up to a further 16 MB RAM on board
o Up to an additional 128 MB RAM via the CPU slot on the CPU's local bus
o Up to an additional 512 MB per Zorro III slot
* Chipset: AGA (Advanced Graphics Architecture)
o Video:
+ 24-bit color palette (16.8 Million colors)
+ Up to 256 on-screen colors in indexed mode
+ 262,144 on-screen colors in HAM-8 mode
+ Resolutions of up to 1280×512i (more with overscan)
+ HSync rates of 15.60-31.44 kHz
o Audio (Paula):
+ 4 hardware channels (Stereo)
+ 8-bit resolution / 6-bit volume
+ Maximum DMA sampling rate of 28-56 kHz (depending on video mode in use)
* Removable Storage:
o 3.5" HD floppy disk drive, capacity 1.76 MB
* Internal Storage:
o 23-pin floppy connector
o 40-pin buffered ATA-Controller
o 50-pin fast Scsi2
* Input/Output connections:
o Analogue RGB video out (DB-23M)
o Audio out (2 × RCA)
o Audio out (1 × 3.5mm headphone jack)
o Keyboard (5 pin DIN)
o 2 × Mouse/Gamepad ports (DE9)
o RS-232 serial port (DB-25M)
o Centronics style parallel port (DB-25F)
o Fast SCSI2 (D-High density DB-50F)
* Expansion Slots:
o 5 × 100pin 32-bit Zorro III slots
o 2 × AGA video slots (inline with Zorro slot)
o 4 × 16-bit ISA slots (require bridgeboard to activate)
o 1 × 200-pin CPU expansion slot
o 4 × 72-pin SIMMs slots
* Operating System:
o AmigaOS 3.1 (Kickstart 3.1/Workbench 3.1)
* Other Characteristics:
o 0 × front accessible 3.5" drive bays
o 5 × front accessible 5.25" drive bay
o 1 × internal 5.25" drive mountings
o Key lock (disables mouse and keyboard)
Fun Facts
only about 200 made it out of CBM.
Software Hut May still sell these, but it has never been confirmed or denied, as they haven't really updated their web page since 2005. Then, they started at $1,200. I am not sure I trust a supplier who can't be bothered to update a simple web page.
Ebay
Oh, Boy bank on over a grand if they show up
My collection
Are you Kidding? Another holy Grail
Amiga Hardware History Pt.9 - The A1200
PICTURES REMOVED DUE TO HOTLINKING
The A1200 was considered the baby brother of the A4000 and was a very popular low-end machine of the early 1990's and is still popular among Amiga users today. It's probably the most common Amiga model still in regular use in vastly expanded forms.
Amiga 1200
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Type Personal computer
Release date October 1992
Discontinued 1996
Operating system AmigaOS 3.0-3.1
CPU Motorola 68EC020 @ 14 MHz
Memory 2 MB
The Amiga 1200, or A1200, was Commodore International's third-generation Amiga computer, aimed at the home market. It was launched in October 21, 1992, at a base price of £399 in the United Kingdom and $599 in the United States. Initially, only 30,000 A1200s were available at the UK launch.Like its predecessor, the Amiga 500, the A1200 is an all-in-one design incorporating the CPU, keyboard, and disk drives (including, unlike the A500, the option of an internal hard disk drive) in one physical unit.The system competed directly against the Atari Falcon, but intended as a home computer it inadvertently competed against entry level PCs and 16-bit game consoles. During the first year of its life the system reportedly sold well, but not comparable to game consoles and in a desire to compete Commodore launched the Amiga 1200-based Amiga CD32 game console in June 1993.The future looked good for the Amiga 1200, but due to poor financial management, Commodore ran into cash flow problems and soon went bankrupt - this despite the fact that the Amiga 1200 and Amiga CD32 both were successful products Before going bankrupt Commodore had found buyers of around 1 million units of A1200. With Commodore’s demise, the A1200 almost disappeared off the market, but the system got a second chance with Escom's re-launch in 1995.The new Escom A1200 was almost identical to the original model, the difference being a slightly updated operating system and a floppy disk drive from a different manufacturer. Re-launched at a price of one-hundred and fifty dollars above what it had been sold for two years prior (equal to the 1992 launch price) potential buyers found that the system provided little value and largely ignored the system. After Escom's financial problems, the Amiga 1200 was taken off the market some time during 1996.
Popularity
Although a significant upgrade, the A1200 proved not to be as popular as the earlier Amiga 500. There were a number of reasons for this:
* While its graphics capabilities stood up well in comparison to the competition, the Amiga no longer commanded the lead it had in earlier times.
* The Amiga's custom chips cost more to produce than the commodity chips utilized in PCs, making the A1200 more expensive, relative to PCs, than earlier Amiga models.
* Fewer retailers carried the A1200, especially in the United States.
* The Amiga 1200 received bad press for being incompatible with a number of Amiga 500 games.
* Some industry commentators felt a 68020 CPU was too old and slow to be competitive, and that the machine should have been fitted with at least an '030. Complaints were also made about the capabilities of the AGA chipset. Commodore had earlier been first working on a much improved version of the original Amiga chipset, codenamed "AAA", but when that fell behind they'd rushed out the much less improved AGA found on the A1200/A4000/CD32 units. It had been working on an improved chipset, codenamed "Hombre" when it went bankrupt.Although Commodore never released any official sales figures, it is estimated that Commodore shipped fewer than 1 million A1200s worldwide before going bankrupt in April 1994
Technical information
Processor and RAM
The A1200 utilized the Motorola MC68EC020 CISC CPU (roughly four times faster than the 68000 processor in the A500). It is noteworthy that, like the 68000, the 68EC020 had a 24-Bit address space; allowing for a theoretical maximum of 16 MB of memory.
It shipped with 2 MB of Chip RAM. Chip RAM could not be expanded beyond those 2 MB, but an additional 8 MB of Fast RAM could be added through use of the trapdoor expansion slot.Later, various accelerators featuring 68020, 68030, 68040, 68060 and PowerPC processors were made available by third parties. Such accelerators did not only have faster CPUs but also more and faster memory (on the most expensive boards 256 MB on two 128 MB SIMMs), real time clocks, IDE and SCSI ports and other enhancements.
Graphics and sound
The A1200 shipped with Commodore's third-generation chipset, the Advanced Graphics Architecture or AGA. As the name implies, the AGA chipset had superior graphical abilities in comparison with the earlier chipsets.The A1200's faster CPU also allowed for higher sampling rates for sound playback, however the basic sound hardware was not upgraded and remains identical to the original Amiga 1000.
Peripherals and expansion
The A1200 featured Amiga compatible connectors including two DB9M ports for joysticks, mice, and light pens, a standard 25-pin RS-232 serial port and a 25-pin Centronics parallel port. As a result the A1200 was compatible with many existing Amiga peripherals, such as external floppy disk drives, MIDI interfaces, sound samplers and video digitizers.Like the earlier Amiga 600 the A1200 featured a PCMCIA Type II slot and an internal 44-pin ATA interface both most commonly seen on laptop computers. In addition the A1200 featured a 32-bit CPU/RAM expansion slot and a feature unique to the A1200, the so called 'clock port'.The clock port was a remnant of an abandoned design feature for addition of internal RAM and a real time clock. Later, third-party developers put it to ingenious use by creating an array of innovative expansions for the A1200, such as, high performance I/O cards, audio cards and even a USB controller.The 16-bit PCMCIA Type II interface allowed use of a number of compatible peripherals available for the laptop market, though only 16-bit (Type II) PCMCIA cards are hardware compatible, newer 32-bit PC Card or CardBus peripherals are incompatible. The PCMCIA implementation is almost identical to the one featured on the earlier A600. A number of Amiga peripherals were released by third-party developers for this connector including SRAM cards, CD-ROM controllers, SCSI controllers, network cards, sound samplers and video digitizers. Later, a number of compatible laptop peripherals have been made to operate with this port including, serial modems, wired and wireless network cards and CompactFlash adaptors.One problematic factor for expanding the A1200 was the rather limited 23 watt power supply. Hard disks and even external floppy drives could stress the power supply leading to system instability. The problem could be mitigated by replacing the default power supply with a higher rated supply, such as the one supplied with the A500.If one was willing to forgo the A1200's form-fitting desktop case in exchange for further expansion options it was possible to re-house the hardware into alternate casing. Several third-party developers built and supplied kits to 'tower up' the A1200 and in essence convert it to a 'big box' Amiga. These expansion kits allowed use of PC AT Keyboards, hard disk bays, CD-ROM drives, and Zorro II , Zorro III and PCI expansion slots. Such expansion slots made it possible to use devices not originally intended for the A1200, such as, graphic, sound and network cards.The revision of the A1200 manufactured by Escom was fitted with PC-based 'High Density' floppy disk drives that had been downgraded to Double Density drives. This resulted in some software incompatibility (PC style drives do not supply a "ready" signal, which signals if there is a floppy in the disk drive.).
Operating System
The first incarnation of the A1200 shipped with AmigaOS 3.0, consisting of Workbench 3.0 and Kickstart 3.0 (revision 39.106), which together provided standard single-user operating system functionality and support for the built-in hardware. The later Amiga Technologies/Escom models shipped with AmigaOS 3.1 and Kickstart 3.1, though earlier A1200 models could be upgraded by installing compatible Kickstart 3.1 ROM chips. The later AmigaOS 3.5 and 3.9 releases were A1200 compatible as pure software updates requiring Kickstart 3.1.
AmigaOS 4, a PowerPC native release of the operating system, can be used with the A1200 provided compatible PowerPC hardware is installed. Likewise, MorphOS, an alternative Amiga specific operating system can be used with this hardware.
Variants of platform independent operating systems such as Linux and BSD can also be used with the A1200.
Specifications
* CPU: Motorola 68EC020 at 14.32 MHz (NTSC) or 14.18 MHz (PAL)
* Chipset: AGA (Advanced Graphics Architecture)
o Video:
+ 24-bit color palette (16.8 Million colors)
+ Up to 256 on-screen colors in indexed mode
+ 262,144 on-screen colors in HAM-8 mode
+ Resolutions of up to 1024×768i 1280×512i (more with overscan)
+ HSync rates of 15.60-31.44 kHz
o Audio (Paula):
+ 4 voices / 2 channels (Stereo)
+ 8-bit resolution / 6-bit volume per voice
+ Maximum DMA sampling rate of 28-56 kHz (depending on video mode in use)
* Memory:
o 512 kB Kickstart ROM
o 2 MB Amiga Chip RAM
o Up to 8 MB of Fast RAM in the expansion slot without CPU upgrade
o Up to 256 MB of Fast RAM in the expansion slot with CPU upgrade
* Removable Storage:
o 3.5" DD floppy disk drive, capacity 880 kB
* Internal Storage:
o ATA-Controller supporting PIO-2 transfer mode[clarification needed]
* Input/Output connections:
o Analogue RGB video out (DB-23M)
o Composite video out (RCA)
o RF audio/video out (RCA)
o Audio out (2 × RCA)
o 2 × Mouse/Joypad ports (DE9)
o RS-232 serial port (DB-25M)
o Centronics style parallel port (DB-25F)
o Floppy disk drive port (DB-23F)
o 16-bit Type II PCMCIA slot
o 150 pin local expansion port (trapdoor)
o Clockport
* Other characteristics
o Weight: 3.6 kg (8 lb).
o Size: 24.1 cm deep, 47.0 cm wide, 7.62 cm high (9.5" × 18.5" × 3")
o Integrated keyboard with 96 keys (including 10 function keys and a numeric keypad)
* Operating System:
o AmigaOS 3.0 or 3.1. (Kickstart 3.0-3.1/Workbench 3.0-3.1)
Advantages over the low-cost Amiga 600
* AGA graphics chipset
o 24-Bit color palette (12-Bit on A600)
o HAM-8 and 8-Bit color modes
o Improved sprite graphics
o Faster graphics performance
* 2 MB of Amiga Chip RAM by default
* Faster CPU
* Expansion slot and clock port
* Numeric keypad
Bundled Software
Software officially bundled with the A1200 included Deluxe Paint IV AGA (2D image and animation editor) and Final Copy (word processor).[5] The Amiga Technologies/Escom version was bundled with applications, such as, Scala (multimedia authoring software) and Wordworth (word processor).
Fun Facts
* The A1200 far outlived its shelf life, despite being only a desktop-based home computer. This was made possible by third party expansions released long after the Amiga disappeared from shops.
* Because the unit's built-in memory was shared between the CPU and the sound and video chips, making it slow, adding additional RAM (so called "Fast RAM", which wasn't shared) increased the A1200's speed to a larger degree (double: ~2.26x) than one would expect on, say, an IBM PC.
* The A1200 motherboard is inscribed with "Channel Z", which is a reference to the B52's song.
* New Old Stock Amiga 1200's, manufactured by Amiga Technologies, are still currently available from various online retailers.The Amiga Magic Pack NOS-available right now at Amiga Kit.
A recent Episode of the Fox Show "Bones" featured a Black Amiga 1200. Although they dialogue got the name "Amiga" right, the technical information that the cast spoke was utter "nonsense"
Ebay
The A1200 pops up all the time on Ebay and generally go for $150 to $200 stock. The collectors know to avoid these auctions and go right to AmigaKit for a new or used unit that comes with a full warranty.
My Collection (as of January 1, 2009)
Supposibly, I have had a unit willed to me by a dear departed friend. So far the estate has not been able to find the unit. I was also to have another one in a big shipment from down south, but at this time, it looks like that deal has gone bust.
Amiga Hardware History Pt.8- The A4000 Desktop
PHOTO REMOVED DUE TO HOTLINKING FUCTARDS!
The A4000 is often seen as the big brother of the A1200 but was targeted more at productivity users, rather than gamers. The A4000 was seen as a disappointment to many after the reception that the A3000 received. Although it uses a newer ROM and Chipset, the onboard SCSI-II had been replaced with a significantly slower IDE Controller (PIO Mode 0) and it did not contain the scandoubling hardware for attaching PC VGA type monitors which the A3000 did. Significant improvements were however, made to the Zorro III bus design particularly with regards to DMA and bus mastering that fixed many problems which plagued the A3000, providing you had a Rev 11 buster. Unlike most other big box Amigas the A4000 uses a PS/2 style keyboard connector, however the signals and keyboard clock that the A4000 uses are not the same as the PC so you cannot use PC PS/2 keyboards. Like most big box Amigas the A4000 also has a keylock which effectively works by removing power from the keyboard and mouse rendering the machine fairly useless.
Some A4000's may have been released which contained 020 CPU's, as the A3630 that was supplied with the A4000 can also be fitted with an 020 and there is one claim that Commodore donated an 020 based A4000 as a prize at The Gathering '92. A4000's with a Rev D motherboard differ slightly from the other versions and are dubbed "A4000-CR" which stands for "Cost Reduced". It was an attempt to reduce the cost of manufacturing the A4000. Most A4000's were shipped with a separate processor card connected to the CPU fast slot however the A4000-CR had an 030 soldered directly to the motherboard therefore a processor card was not required. It still contained the CPU fast slot however for attaching accelerators. In addition to this Commodore also removed the fifth SIMM slot which is reserved for CHIP ram and soldered the CHIP directly to the motherboard. As all A4000s were supplied with 2MB CHIP by default, the fifth SIMM slot was rather useless because the AGA chipset could not address more than 2MB of CHIP. Commodore had planned to give the A4000 the ability to address up to 8MB of CHIP and indeed a jumper can be found on the motherboard which would have been used for this purpose, but the jumper actually does nothing.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Commodore Amiga 4000 An Amiga 4000 desktop model
Type Personal computer
Release date 1992
Discontinued 1994
Operating system AmigaOS 3.0
CPU Motorola 68EC030 or 68040 @ 25MHz
Memory 2 MB~18 MB
The Commodore Amiga 4000, or A4000, was the successor of the A2000 and A3000 computers. There are two models, the A4000/040 released in October 1992 with a Motorola 68040 CPU, and the A4000/030 released in April 1993 with a Motorola 68EC030.

The A4000 originally came in a white desktop box with a separate keyboard. Later Commodore released an expanded tower version called the A4000T.
Unlike most other Amiga models, early A4000 machines have the CPU mounted in an expansion board using a special CPU slot. The motherboard has no CPU at all. Later revisions of the A4000 have the CPU and 2 MB RAM surface mounted on the motherboard in an effort to reduce costs. These machines are known as the A4000-CR (Cost Reduced) and the surface mounted CPU is a Motorola 68EC030. The cost reduced models also made use of a Lithium-ion battery for real-time clock battery backup rather than a rechargeable NiCd battery. The NiCd backup battery is one of the most common causes of problems in an aging A4000 because it has a tendency to eventually leak. The released fluids are somewhat corrosive and can eventually damage the motherboard.
Technical information
Processor and RAM
The stock A4000 featured a Motorola 68EC030 or 68040 CPU and shipped with 2 MB of Amiga Chip RAM and up to 16 MB of additional RAM. Later, third party developers created various CPU expansion boards featuring higher rated 68040, 68060 and PowerPC CPUs. Such hardware did not only offer faster CPUs but also more and faster RAM (128 MB or greater).
Graphics and sound
The A4000 was the first Amiga model to ship with Commodore's third-generation Amiga chipset, the Advanced Graphics Architecture or AGA. As the name implies, the AGA chipset had superior graphical abilities in comparison with the earlier chipsets. However, the basic sound hardware was not upgraded and remains identical to the original Amiga 1000 (the Paula sound chip).
Peripherals and expansion
The A4000 featured Amiga compatible connectors including two DE-9 ports for joysticks, mice, and light pens, a standard 25-pin RS-232 serial port and a 25-pin Centronics parallel port. As a result the A4000 was compatible with many existing Amiga peripherals, such as, MIDI interfaces, serial modems and sound samplers.
Like the earlier Amiga 3000, the A4000 featured internal 32-bit Zorro III expansion slots which offered the use of devices, such as, graphic cards, audio cards, network cards, SCSI controllers, and later even USB controllers. One of the most notable hardware items of the era was the NewTek Video Toaster system which became popular in the 1990s for amateur and commercial desktop video production of standard-definition, broadcast quality video, comprising of tools for video switching, chroma keying, character generation, animation, and image manipulation.
Later, in an effort to offer modern expansion options third party developers created replacement expansion boards for the A4000 which provided PCI slots allowing use of higher performance and widely available PCI hardware, such as, graphic, sound and network cards.
Operating System
The A4000 shipped with AmigaOS 3.0, consisting of Workbench 3.0 and Kickstart 3.0, which together provided standard single-user operating system functionality and support for the built-in hardware. Following release of AmigaOS 3.1 it became possible to upgrade the A4000 by installing compatible Kickstart 3.1 ROM chips. The later AmigaOS 3.5 and 3.9 releases were A4000 compatible as pure software updates requiring Kickstart 3.1.
AmigaOS 4, a PowerPC native release of the operating system, can be used with the A4000 provided compatible PowerPC hardware is installed. Likewise, MorphOS, an alternative Amiga specific operating system can be used with this hardware.
Variants of platform independent operating systems such as Linux and BSD can also be used with the A4000.
Specifications
* CPU: Motorola 68EC030 or 68040 at 25 MHz
* Memory:
o 512 kB Kickstart ROM
o 2 MB Amiga Chip RAM
o Up to a further 16 MB RAM on board
o Up to an additional 128 MB RAM via the CPU slot on the CPU's local bus
o Up to an additional 512 MB per Zorro III slot
* Chipset: AGA (Advanced Graphics Architecture)
o Video:
+ 24-bit color palette (16.8 Million colors)
+ Up to 256 on-screen colors in indexed mode
+ 262,144 on-screen colors in HAM-8 mode
+ Resolutions of up to 1280×512i (more with overscan)
+ HSync rates of 15.60-31.44 kHz
o Audio (Paula):
+ 4 hardware channels (Stereo)
+ 8-bit resolution / 6-bit volume
+ Maximum DMA sampling rate of 28-56 kHz (depending on video mode in use)
* Removable Storage:
o 3.5" HD floppy disk drive, capacity 1.76 MB
* Internal Storage:
o 40-pin buffered ATA-Controller
* Input/Output connections:
o Analogue RGB video out (DB-23M)
o Audio out (2 × RCA)
o Keyboard (6 pin mini-DIN)
o 2 × Mouse/Gamepad ports (DE9)
o RS-232 serial port (DB-25M)
o Centronics style parallel port (DB-25F)
o Floppy disk drive port (DB-23F)
* Expansion Slots:
o 4 × 100pin 32-bit Zorro III slots
o 1 × AGA video slot (inline with Zorro slot)
o 3 × 16-bit ISA slots (require bridgeboard to activate)
o 1 × 200-pin CPU expansion slot
o 4 or 5 × 72-pin SIMMs slots
* Operating System:
o AmigaOS 3.0 (Kickstart 3.0/Workbench 3.0)
* Other Characteristics:
o 2 × front accessible 3.5" drive bays
o 1 × front accessible 5.25" drive bay
o 2 × internal 3.5" drive mountings
o Key lock (disables mouse and keyboard)
Fun Facts.
An A4000 Prototype came up on Ebay in the last few months. It sold for well ove $2000 USD.

The Prototype had a black faceplate that looked completely different from the final issue.


Many Post Production Houses, TV stations and Animation Studios used (and still Use to this day) the A4000 "Video Toaster" unit.
PHOTOS REMOVED BECAUSE OF RETARDED HOTLINKERS
My Collection (as of January 1, 2009)
No- still looking
Amiga Hardware History Pt.7 - The A600
Photos removed due to hotlinking
Amiga 600
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Commodore Amiga 600 An Amiga 600
Type Home computer
Release date 1992
Discontinued 1993
Operating system Amiga OS 2.0
CPU Motorola 68000 @ 7.16 MHz 7.09 MHz (PAL)
Memory 1 MB
(6 MB Maximum)
The Amiga 600, also known as the A600 (codenamed "June Bug" after a B-52's song), was a home computer introduced at the CeBIT show in March 1992. The A600 was the final model of the original A500-esque line based around the Motorola 68000 CPU and the ECS chipset. A notable aspect of the A600 was its small size. Lacking a numeric keypad, the A600 was 14" long by 9.5" deep by 3" high and weighed approximately 6 pounds. AmigaOS 2.0 was included which was generally considered more user-friendly than AmigaOS 1.3.
Like the A500 before it, the A600 was aimed at the lower "consumer" end of the market, with the higher end being dominated by the Amiga 3000. It was essentially a redesign of the A500 Plus, with the option of an internal hard disk drive. It was intended by manufacturer Commodore International to revitalize sales of the A500 line before the introduction of the 32-bit Amiga 1200.
According to Dave Haynie, the A600 "was supposed to be $50–$60 cheaper than the A500, but it came in at about that much more expensive than the A500."This is supported by the fact that the A600 was originally to have been numbered the A300, positioned as a budget version of the A500+. In the event, the cost led the machine to be marketed as a replacement for the A500+, requiring a change of number. Early models feature motherboards with the A300 designation.
The Managing Director of Commodore UK, David Pleasance, described the A600 as a "complete and utter screw-up".In comparison to the popular A500 it was considered unexpandable, did not improve on the A500's CPU, was more expensive, and lacked a numeric keypad meaning that some existing software such as flight simulators and application software could not be used without a numerical pad emulator.
An "A600HD" model (with white rather than cream outer casing) was sold with an internal 2.5" ATA hard disk drive of either 20 or 40 MB. This model was marketed as a more "scholarly" version of a home computer hitherto best known for its extensive range of games and retailed at almost double the price of a standard A600. However, this hard disk support introduced some incompatibility with existing Amiga software because the memory used for hard disk control prevented some memory intensive titles from launching without adding additional RAM.
The A600 was the first Amiga model manufactured in the UK. The factory was in Irvine, Scotland. The first ever production A600 — serial number "1" — resided in the Commodore UK Managing Director's office.
Surface-mount technology used on the A600 lead to a failure rate under warranty of 0.78%, compared to the A500's failure rate of 8.25%.
Technical information
Processor and RAM
The A600 used the Motorola 68000 CPU, running at 7.09 MHz (PAL) or 7.16 MHz (NTSC).
Standard RAM was 1 MB, though it was possible to upgrade to 2 MB "chip" RAM using the trapdoor RAM expansion. An additional 4 MB of "fast" RAM could be added in the PC card slot using suitable SRAM cards to give a maximum RAM capacity of 6 MB. More "fast" RAM could be added with unofficial CPU upgrades.
The original design did not intend for CPU upgrades as the 68000 was soldered to its motherboard. Despite this, unofficial CPU upgrades included the Motorola 68010, 68020 (at up to 25 MHz), and 68030 (at up to 50 MHz). The processor was upgraded not by replacing the 68000, but rather by fitting a connector over the CPU, which allowed the upgraded CPU to commandeer the system bus. Additionally, up to 32 MB of "fast" RAM could be added with some processor upgrades
Graphics and sound
The Fat Agnus display chip drove screen modes varying from 320×200 pixels to 1280×512 pixels. Generally only 32 colors were available, but there was an extra-half-bright mode that allowed each of the 32 colors in the palette to be dimmed to half its normal brightness. A memory-intensive 4096 color "HAM" mode could be used at lower resolutions. At its highest resolutions, only 4 colors could be displayed at once.
Sound was 4 channel, with two channels for the left speaker and two for the right. Resolution was 8 bit. Sound was unchanged from the original Amiga designs.
Peripherals and expansion
The A600 featured Amiga compatible connectors including two DB9M ports for joysticks, mice, and light pens, a standard 25-pin RS-232 serial port and a 25-pin Centronics parallel port. Expansion capabilities new to the Amiga line were the PCMCIA Type II slot and the internal 44-pin ATA interface both controlled by the 'Gayle' custom chip.
The A600 was the first of only two Amiga models to feature a built-in 16-bit PCMCIA Type II interface most commonly seen on laptop computers. This connector allows use of a number of compatible peripherals available for the laptop market, though only 16-bit (Type II) PCMCIA cards are hardware compatible, newer 32-bit CardBus or PC Card peripherals are incompatible. The port is not fully compliant with the PCMCIA Type II standard as the A600 was developed before the standard was finalized. The PCMCIA implementation on the A600 is almost identical to the one featured on the later Amiga 1200. A number of Amiga peripherals were released by third-party developers for this connector including SRAM cards, CD-ROM controllers, SCSI controllers, network cards, sound samplers and video digitizers. However, Commodore’s intended capability for expansion through this connector was largely unrealized at the time of release because of the prohibitive expense of PCMCIA peripherals for a budget home computer.Later, a number of compatible laptop peripherals have been made to operate with the A600 including wired and wireless network cards, serial modems and CompactFlash adaptors.
The A600 was also compatible with many peripherals available for earlier Amiga models, such as external floppy disk drives, MIDI interfaces, Sound samplers and video digitizers.
Operating System
The A600 was shipped with AmigaOS 2.0, consisting of Workbench 2.0 and a Kickstart ROM chip which was either revision 37.299, 37.300 or 37.350 (Commodore's internal revision numbers). Confusingly, all three ROMs were officially designated as version "2.05".
Early revisions of the A600 were shipped with Kickstart revision 37.299, which, to the surprise of some, neither had support for the internal ATA controller, nor for the PCMCIA interface. Although it was possible to load the necessary drivers from a floppy disk, it wasn't possible to boot directly from ATA or PCMCIA devices. Only later models of the A600 and especially the A600HD were equipped with Kickstart 37.300 or 37.350, which both were able to utilize those devices at boot time. Due to bugs in Kickstart 37.300, the maximum supported size of a hard drive was limited to 40 MB. Everything above this size was a game of chance. In contrast, version 37.350 was capable of supporting hard drives up to 4 GB.Later it was possible to buy an updated Workbench 2.1. It featured a localization of the operating system in several languages and had a "CrossDOS" driver which provided read/write support for FAT (MS-DOS) formatted media like floppy disks or hard drives. It was a pure software update. Kickstart ROMs designated as 2.1 never existed. Workbench 2.1 ran on all Kickstart ROMs of the 2.0x family.Following release of AmigaOS 3.1 it was possible to upgrade the A600 by installing a compatible revision 40.xx Kickstart ROM.
Specifications
A600 with part of the case removed showing the motherboard and floppy disk drive.
* CPU: Motorola 68000 at 7.16 MHz (NTSC) or 7.09 MHz (PAL)
* Memory:
o 1 MB Amiga Chip RAM by default, with the option of an additional 1 MB in the "trapdoor expansion slot"
o 512 kB Kickstart ROM
o Optionally up to 4 MB RAM in the PCMCIA-Slot
* Chipset: Enhanced Chip Set (ECS)
o Video (Common resolutions):
+ 320×200 with 32 colors, 64 colors in Halfbrite or 4096 in HAM-6
+ 640×400i with 16 colors
+ 640×480 with 4 colors
+ 800×600i with 4 colors (Super72)
+ HSync rates of 15.60 to 31.44 kHz
o Audio (Paula):
+ 4 voices / 2 channels (Stereo)
+ 8-bit resolution / 6-bit volume
+ Up to 56 kHz sampling rate (depending on video mode in use)
+ 70 dB S/N ratio
* Removable Storage:
o 3.5" DD Floppy drive, capacity 880 KiB.
* Internal Storage:
o 44-pin ATA-Controller supporting PIO-2 transfer mode
* Input/Output connections:
o Analogue RGB video out (DB23)
o Composite video out (RCA)
o RF audio/video out (RCA)
o Audio out (2 × RCA)
o 2 × Mouse/Gamepad ports (DE9)
o RS-232 serial port (DB25)
o Centronics style parallel port (DB25)
o Floppy disk drive port (DB23)
o 16-bit Type II PCMCIA slot
* Operating System:
o AmigaOS 2.0 operating system (Kickstart 2.05/Workbench 2.05)
Bundled software
Commodore sold the A600 together with a number of software bundles. All packs included at least a stock A600, mouse, power supply, and Workbench disks.
A600 packs:
* 'Lemmings' bundle (1992): Lemmings and the sophisticated-for-the-time Electronic Arts graphics package Deluxe Paint III.
* 'Robocop 3D' bundle (1992): Robocop 3D, Myth, Shadow of the Beast III, Graphic Workshop and Microtext
* 'Wild, Weird and Wicked' bundle (late 1992, £349 launch price): Formula One Grand Prix, Pushover, Putty and Deluxe Paint III
* A600HD 'Epic/Language' bundle (1992, £499 launch price): including internal 20 MB hard disk drive, a word processor, Trivial Pursuit, Myth, Rome and Epic.
Fun Facts
-The A600 was not really marketed towards a North American Market. Over in Europe, they are Very, very common and inexpensive. Here in North America, An NTSC version is very rare and hard to come by.
The A300 was simply an early name of the Commodore A600. Originally it was going to be called the A300, but was quickly changed to A600 on release. Early A600's are still marked as A300's, noticeably on Rev 1.0 motherboards. A300 is also found printed on some A600 power supplies.
When creating the A600, the designers referred to it as the "Amiga Jr." This angered most of the Commodore management, and a memo was issued stating "The next person to call it Jr. will be terminated on the spot".
Ebay Auctions
I don't follow the UK prices, so I am not sure how cheap this goes, But the few that have popped up on Ebay.COM in the last year have fetched well over $100 USD.
My Collection (as of January 1 2009)
No, Because of the size though, I want one with a hard drive, so I can slip it in my Backpack and take it to work. The size and lack of HD on a A500 prevents it from slipping easilly into a back pack.
Amiga Hardware History Pt.6- The A3000T (Tower) and the A3500
PHOTO REMOVED DUE TO HOTLINKING SCUMBAGS
Launched in October 1991, this was the tower version of the powerful Amiga 3000. It came with a 68030 processor at 25 MHz, a 68882 FPU, built-in speakers, and was expandable to 18Mb on the motherboard.
As SIMMs were not yet a standard it came with the slower alternative named Zip RAM.
It was aimed at professionals - and the price shows. An Amiga 3000T with a 200Mb SCSI hard disk was $4998.
It is easy to assume that the A3000T is the same as the A3000 but shipped in a full tower instead of a desktop case, however the A3000T is infact a totally separate motherboard. The A3000T is a huge machine and probably has the largest motherboard of any Amiga, including the A4000T. It is similar to the A3000 but offers far more expandability. The Zorro and ISA slots are fitted directly onto the motherboard rather than being on a daughterboard (riser card) as they are in the desktop A3000. The A3000T probably has a small amount of NVRAM designed to hold the configuration settings for the SCSI controller which is the same chipset as in the desktop model. The A3000T also has a keylock and has an internal speaker for playing native audio, however external speakers can still be used. The A3000T contains a builtin scandoubler which allows PC type SVGA monitors to display the native NTSC and PAL Amiga screenmodes, which can be disabled with a switch on the rear.
The A3000T supports a variety of drive bays — two 3.5-inch drives; one 5.25-inch half-height drive, mounted horizontally; and two 5.25-inch half-height drives, mounted vertically. Inside, behind these drives, there is space for two more internal 5.25-inch half-height drives. The available drive bays make it possible to internally install up to seven devices in the A3000T.
Not many were produced, as they were quite expensive.
Main Processor:
Motorola MC68RC030, clocked at 25 Megahertz
Numeric Coprocessor:
68882
Real-Time Clock:
Yes
Chip Set:
Enhanced Chip Set
Chip RAM:
2 Mb
Fast RAM:
None
RAM Sockets:
ZIP sockets for expansion up to 16 Mb Fast RAM with Static column or Fast Page Mode ZIPs
Floppy Drive:
Internal Chinon 880k Floppy Drive
Hard Drive:
None
Hard Drive Controller:
Onboard SCSI-I With internal 50 pin and external 25 pin connectors
Interfaces:
Standard Serial, Parallel, Disk Drive, and 2 Game Ports
Video Output:
15 pin SVGA connector outputing 31.5kHz Standard VGA flicker free
23 pin connector for RGB (Analog/Digital) with adapters for 9 and 15 pin standard connectors
Horizontal refresh rates from 15.6 kHz to 31.5 kHz
Vertical refresh reates from 50 Hz to 73 Hz
Audio Output:
4 channel Stereo 8 bit sound
External RCA stereo audio jacks
Expansion Slots:
Several Zorro-III slots, Video Slot, Processor Slot, and several AT/ISA Slots
Drive Bays:
several 3.5" and 5.25" drive bays
Case Type:
Tower Case
AmigaDOS Version
AmigaDOS 2.1, KickStart 2.04 on 512kb ROMs
A3500

There is also a few A3500 towers out there.
Standard Specifications
Case Type: Full Tower
Processor: 030@25Mhz
MMU: Internal
FPU: 68882@25Mhz (030 version)
Chipset: ECS
Kickstarts: V2.04
Bus Controller: Super Buster Rev 7
Expansion Slots: 5 x 100pin Zorro III Slots
1 x ECS Video Slot (Inline with Zorro)
4 x Inactive 16bit ISA slots (2 inline with Zorro)
1 x 200pin CPU Fast Slot
Standard CHIP RAM: 2MB
RAM sockets: ZIP & DIL sockets
Hard Drive Controllers: 1 x SCSI-II Controller
Drive Bays: 4 x 5.25" (4 with faceplates, 2 vertical, 2 horiztonal)
3 x 3.5" (2 with faceplates)
Expansion Ports: 1 x 25pin Serial
1 x 25pin Parallel
1 x 23pin RGB Video
1 x 15pin VGA Connector (unconfirmed)
1 x 23pin External Floppy
2 x 9pin Joystick/Mouse
2 x RCA Audio (Left/Right)
1 x 25pin External SCSI connector
1 x large 5pin DIN Keyboard connector.
Floppy Drive: 1 x Internal 880K Floppy Drive
Motherboard Revisions: Rev 1
Rev 2
(Later revisions are probably A3000T motherboards)
Battery Backed Up Clock: Yes, uses "Barrel" shaped batteries.
Very little is known about the A3500 as it was never officially released, however an unknown number of models certainly found there way to dealers and end-users. Apparently, the A3500 was originally designed for Sun Microsystems to run UNIX on, who would have rebadged the machine and sold it as a Sun product. In true Commodore style, the deal fell through. This seems a likely cause for the A3500 never being officially released and eventually ending up being sold as the A3000T which is almost identical, apart from a slightly different case bezel and some minor differences mentioned below. In Commodore's tradition of whacky naming schemes the A3500 does not carry the "T" designation that their other tower systems do. The A3500 was previewed at the Business Computing show in 1991 and can be seen in the "Deathbed Vigil" video by Dave Haynie. The A3500 came with an 030@25Mhz and 68882@25Mhz on the motherboard. It seems unlikely that any machines were supplied with an 040 as the true A3000T was released shortly afterwards. The A3500 has the same SCSI-II controller as found in the A3000T and the desktop A3000 and also contains the same built in scandoubler. Some early prototype A3500's actually have a blue motherboard and even blue zorro slots and jumpers which is quite unusuak as most other Amiga's have the traditional green motherboard and black Zorro slots. Unlike the A3000T, the A3500 lacks a CD-ROM audio connector for mixing in the sound output of a CDROM, however it has two hard disk LEDs, instead of one and a power LED. The actual A3500 case is based upon a tower case which Commodore used with one of their PC systems (PC 60) but had a different name plate and an extra externally accessible drive bay. The case is also similar to the A3000 case, with the front bezel being different. The A3500 also includes an internal speaker for playing the native audio, however external speakers can still be attached.
Fun Facts:
The A3000T is considered my many the "Holy Grail" of the Amigas ONLY to be argued with the A4000T.
These towers were HUGE. probably twice the height of a modern tower system.
Commodore used these systems for development of new Amiga's all through out Commodore.
Ebay
I have only seen 1 almost NOS system pop up on Ebay twice in the last year. The first time it was bid up to Close to $800 US, but the buyer step out, because of shipping (yes, it came from Canada). The second time it was up, it was sold for over $300 USD.
My Collection:
No, But I would give my left arm for a working one.
Amiga Hardware History Pt.5 - The Amiga A3000 Desktop
Photos removed due to hot linking
The A3000 is regarded by some Amiga fans as the best model ever made, but they generally forget about the A3000T and A4000T which actually offer a lot more. The A3000 unlike most Amiga models, supports both ROM based Kickstarts and disk based Kickstarts, although not simultaneously. Kickstart V1.4 is actually a special version of Kickstart which loads the real Kickstart from a file called DEVS:Kickstart. Kickstart V2.04 was available as a ROM, or as a disk based version for use with A3000's which had Kickstart V1.4. A3000's fitted with Kickstart V1.4 cannot use 040 or 060 processors, regardless of what version of Kickstart is eventually booted, because it relies heavily on the integrated MMU in the 030 which varies to some degree from the MMU in 040 and 060 processors. The A3000 also contains a built in scandoubler and flicker fixer so that standard PC type SVGA monitors can be connected and display the native (PAL/NTSC) screen modes. It was available as a separate card for other Amigas called the A2320. The scandoubler can be disabled if necessary by a switch on the back of the machine. There is also a variable switch to finetune the scandoubler. The A3000 has a SCSI-II controller (WDC33C93) on the motherboard which is much faster than the standard IDE Controller that was supplied with the A4000 and other models. However some motherboard revisions have SCSI termination directly on the motherboard and others don't. You may find you need at least one SCSI device attached in order to boot, even from floppy disk. The A3000 is one of the few models of Amigas which actually has some NVRAM, primarily for storing the configuration settings of the SCSI controller, such as Controller ID, SCSI bus timeout, Synchronous mode and LUNs.
There are RAM sockets on the motherboard for expanding CHIP RAM up to 2MB, providing your Agnus chip supports it. These are in the form of DIP sockets. The motherboard also contains 32 ZIP CHIP sockets and 20 DIP sockets for adding additional memory (above picture). If the DIP sockets are used then only a maximum of 4MB of Fast RAM can be added. If ZIP memory is used then 16MB of Fast RAM can be added. The ZIP and DIP sockets cannot be used simultaneously. If you intend to use Zorro III cards which make use of Zorro III DMA then you need to upgrade Buster to Rev 11. The Zorro III and ISA expansion slots are on a daughterboard (riser card) which is connected to the motherboard and rises vertically from it.
The A3000 is a powerhouse in comparison to previous Amiga, it was sold as a high-end graphics workstation. For a time it was used by W Industries as the basis of their highly acclaimed Virtuality machines. At the heart of the A3000 was the powerful 68030 (described in ST/Amiga Format as a 'as a mainframe on a chip'). In addition the A3000 was the first Amiga to feature the new Kickstart 2 upgrade and Zorro III slots.
To emphasis the A3000s capabilities as a high-end workstation, two operating systems were included:
The first was the newly released Kickstart/Workbench 2. This was unusual by the fact that Kickstart was stored on the hard disk rather than in ROM. This was similar to the A1000 that required Kickstart to be loaded from floppy disk before anything else could be done.
The second OS to be included with the A3000 was the Unix System (SVR4) V operating system. This allowed the use of the Unix graphical interface, X Windows and Open Look. It also came with standard networking capabilities (probably a first for Commodore), such as TCP/IP, NFS and RFS for networking between different operating systems. In a bizarre twist, the Unix OS was sold on a magnetic tape rather than floppy disk.
Three Amiga 3000 models were produced : 3000, 3000UX, and 3000T.
The 3000 was the desktop model (pictured here) which shipped with flippable 1.3 or 2.0 AmigaOS Roms. The Amiga 3000T, released in 1991, was a tower system with built-in speaker, 32Mb RAM, high-resolution mouse, 100 Mb hard-drive, a lot of Zorro II slots, a variety of drive bays, and a 25Mhz 68030 with a 68882 math coprocessor. The 3000UX shipped with "AMIX", Commodore's System-5 derived UNIX which was very nice and came with X-windows. It was Commodore's only serious attempt to get into the UNIX workstation market, and a noble effort that unfortunately failed utterly.
Notice there are some rare versions of the Amiga 3000: the 3000/16 (the speed is only 16 MHz) and the Amiga 3000+ which uses an AGA video chip and a DSP. The 3000+ was a prototype only. A few units are known to exist, but they are not supported. The DSP was able to function as a software modem in some configurations, which was extremely cool.
Technical Specifications
* a Motorola 68030 processor at either 16 MHz or 25 MHz (The 16 MHz models were discontinued soon after).
* 2 MB of memory (configured as 1 MB chip RAM and 1 MB 32bit Fast RAM), expandable to a total of 18 MB onboard.
* a 68881 or 68882 FPU coprocessor (The 16 MHz model was shipped with a 68881, the 25 MHz model with a 68882)
* the ECS chipset.
* a SCSI interface and a Quantum LPS40S (40 MB), LPS52S (50 MB) or LPS105S (100 MB) 3.5" Hard Drive.
* a built-in 'flicker fixer' which enabled the use of a VGA monitor.
One could increase the amount of Fast RAM by adding ZIP DRAM chips, these were notoriously difficult to fit - and were available in two varieties, Page Mode or Static Column.
Other models included the A3000UX bundled with UNIX System V Release 4, and the A3000T tower computer.
The Commodore Amiga 3000UX is a model of the Amiga computer family that was released with Amiga Unix, a full port of AT&T Unix System V Release 4 (SVR4), installed along with AmigaOS. The system was otherwise equivalent to the standard A3000, once the Right-Mouse-Button initiated a boot to KickStart (Amiga's BIOS).
At one point, Sun Microsystems approached Commodore-Amiga Inc. with the offer to produce the A3000UX under license as a low- to mid-range alternative to their high-end Sun workstations. That this offer was declined was one of the many management decisions that led to the popular belief that Amiga would have been a real success story but for the Commodore management.
It is possible that Commodore (or a third party) repurposed A3000UX machines for standard AmigaOS, as some standard A3000 models have been found with labeling suggesting they were originally to be sold as A3000UX machines
Fun Facts:
At first glance, the A 3000 looks like a Frankenstein of a machine, blending 16 and 32 but technology.
The problem with this machine, is that for unknown reasons, Commodore choose to make the cas very small and compact, giving very limited expasion capabilities. There is no 5 1/4 drive bay nor room for one, limiting the user to an external CD-ROM or even tape drive on the Unix systems.
My Collection (AS of Jan 1, 2009)
In my collection: NO (want one badly)
Monday, January 5, 2009
Amiga Hardware History Pt.4 - The Amiga 2000
All Photos removed due to hotlinking
In 1986-87 Commodore realized that the A500 and A1000 would not fit the needs of the high end business and graphics markets. They needed an machine that was the essentially the same as the A500, but had the "industrial" look and expandability of a PC. They also knew that Unix was needed on a business machine and luckily they had a "Unix" division that had recently been working on a Unix machine called the C900 and was canceled. They even took the box from the Unix machine and called it the A2000.
Amiga 2000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Commodore Amiga 2000
Type Personal computer
Release date 1986
Discontinued 1991
Operating system Amiga OS 1.2/1.3 ~ 2.0
CPU Motorola 68000 @ 7.16 MHz 7.09 MHz (PAL)
Memory 512 KB (9 MB maximum)
The A2000, also known as the Commodore Amiga 2000, was released in 1986. Although aimed at the high-end market it was technically very similar to the A500, so similar in fact that the A2000B revision was outright based on the A500 design. What the A2000 had over the A500 was a bigger case with room for five Zorro II proprietary expansion slots, two 16-bit and two 8-bit ISA slots, a CPU upgrade slot, a video slot, and a battery-backed clock.
It should also be noted that, like the Amiga 1000 and unlike the Amiga 500, the A2000 came in a desktop case with a separate keyboard. The case was more PC-like than the A1000 - taller to accommodate the expansion cards and lacking the space beneath for the keyboard.
The A2000 was eventually succeeded by the Amiga 3000 in 1990.
Technical specifications
Model A (Revisions 3.0-4.0)/ B (Revisions 4.1-5.0) - 1986
* CPU: Motorola 68000 (7.16 MHz NTSC, 7.09 MHz PAL)
o The CPU can be upgraded with CPU cards
* Chipset: OCS (Original Chipset)
o Audio (Paula):
+ 4 voices / 2 channels (Stereo)
+ 8-bit resolution / 6-bit volume
+ 28 kHz sampling rate
+ 70 dB S/N Ratio
o Video (Common resolutions):
+ 320×200/256 with 32 colors, 64 colors in Halfbrite or 4096 in HAM-6
+ 640×400/512i with 16 colors
o Battery-backed clock
* Memory:
o 256 KB ROM for Kickstart code.
o 512 KB (Max) / (1 MB Max) of Chip RAM.
o 512 KB Fast RAM in MMU slot (in some Model As only) / Soldered on motherboard
+ Practical limit of 8 MB total Fast RAM memory without the use of a CPU expansion card, due to the 24-bit address bus.
* Storage:
o 3.5" DD Floppy drive, capacity 880 KB
o SCSI Hard drive in A2000HD systems.
* Input/Output connections:
o Composite TV out (Black & White, not present on Model A)
o Analogue RGB video plug (Male DB23)
o RCA audio plugs
o 2 x Game/Joy/Mouse ports (Male DE9)
o Keyboard port (5 pin DIN)
o RS232 Serial port (Male DB25)
o Centronics Parallel port (Female DB25)
o Port for external floppy drive (Female DB23)
* Internal connectors:
o 5 Zorro II slots (16-bit, AutoConfig)
o 2 16-bit ISA slots (Inactive per default, only usable with a PC emulation bridgeboard or bus bridge installed)
o 2 8-bit ISA slots (also inactive, some models could be fitted with extension edge connectors, upgrading these slots to 16 bits)
o 1 32 Pin Internal floppy connector
o 1 MMU / CPU Slot
o 1 Genlock slot in Rev A models.
o 1 video slot connector in model Bs for genlocks, flicker fixers, Video Toaster etc
* Casing:
o 200-205 Watt switching power supply
o 2 3.5" drive bays for 3.5" floppy drives or other peripherals
o 1 5.25" drive bay for 5.25" floppy drive or other peripherals
* Software (Bundled):
o AmigaOS 1.2 / 1.3 operation system.
o Kickstart 1.2 / 1.3 (In ROM)
o Voice synthesis library
Model C (Revisions 6.0-6.5) - 1991
Also known as the A2000+ it is for the most part identical to its forerunner.
* Chipset: OCS in Revisions 6.0-6.2, ECS (Enhanced Chip Set) in revisions 6.3-6.5
o Video (New resolutions for ECS):
+ 640×480 with 4 colors (Productivity)
+ 800×600i with 2 colors (Super72)
* Memory:
o 512 KB ROM for Kickstart code.
o 1 MB of Chip RAM, (2 MB Max) with third party adaptors
* Software (Bundled):
o AmigaOS 2.0 operation system. (Kickstart 2.0/Workbench 2.0)
Commodore UK sold a variant of the A2000, the A1500. The A1500 shipped with dual floppy drives, and 1MB of RAM as standard, along with the ECS chipset and Amiga OS 2.04. The A2500 was an A2000 sold with either an A2630 (with 25MHz 68030 and 2 or 4MB RAM) or A2620 (Motorola 68020 @ 14MHz) accelerator, A2091 SCSI controller and in some models an
A2320 VGA card (flicker fixer).
Amiga 2500
The Amiga 2500, also known as the A2500, was not a distinct Amiga model, but simply a marketing name for a Commodore Amiga 2000 bundled with a Motorola 68020 or 68030-based
accelerator card. The accelerator cards used by the A2500 (the A2620 and A2630) were also available separately as upgrades for the A2000.Because the A2500 had a Motorola 68000 on the motherboard that was otherwise unused, the design was not very cost-effective. A cost-reduced version omitting the accelerator board was proposed but never got past the prototype stage. Also, because the A2500 was not a fully 32-bit machine, its performance was slower than an A3000 running at the same clock speed.The A2500 remained in production after the release of the A3000, however, because the original Video Toaster would not fit in an unmodified A3000 case. Until the release of the Video 4000, the A2500 was the fastest computer available for use with the Toaster.
Cool Facts
The A2000 is the best (IMHO) machine for a hardware junkie to start out with. The base units are relative inexpensive, and you can add Zorro Cards to customise the machine to your needs. With literally thousands of expansion cards. The possibilities are endless, and you can run all the old software/games on it.
Most A2000's are very common, although A2000UX and tower systems are quite rare (there was never an "official" Commodore A2000 T or Tower system, but many aftermarket tower kits. All the A2000 variants (A2000HD,A25000,etc) are quite easily (the 2500 is a bit harder) to get.
The "Video Toaster" is more rare, but pops up from time to time -all the difference is stickers on outside of case, and has a toaster card.
Can be hooked up to a regular TV again with a A520 or B&W with just an RCA cable.
There are in fact 3 Versions, the older "German" designed version and the 2 newer US versions designed by legendary Amiga Guru Dave Haynie
Ebay Auctions
A2000's regularly go for as low as $50 USD for base units, to the sky's the limit for what cards are included.
Ver. 6x motherboards are the ones that are worth more money.
Be warned, the battery is a barrel battery and is more likely to have exploded and caused corrosion. Make sure you check on this when bidding on one, or list it when selling one.
My Collection.
I have had 2. An A2000 with a rev 4.6 Motherboard, and My baby the A2000HD with a version 6 Mobo. I am no where near satisfied with the hardware cards I have yet.
Amiga Hardware History Pt.3 - The A500
All Photos removed due to hotlinking
The A500 was an instant hit and classic.
I suspect Commodore looked at the A1000 and said they could do better. Reduce the cost, and sell the unit as a more "family Friendly". I also suspect that the overall design of the A500 was to keep close to the aging C64 (which was still selling strong and directly competing with the A500)
The 500 was first released in 1987, It quickly became know as a gaming machine. It's "all in one" design or "wedge" made it impossible to "lose" anything for out of the box, you only had a mouse hooked up to it.
The A500 was replaced eventually with the short lived A500+. The A500 plus had more Ram capabilities and an enhanced Display mode and shipped with OS 2.1. Fun Fact is that Commodore shipped many A500+ just labeled as A500. The A500+ mostly went to Europe and is not seen all that much here in North America, although it is very common overseas.
Amiga 500
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Type Home computer
Release date 1987
Discontinued 1991
Media 880 KB floppy disks
Operating system AmigaOS 1.2~1.3
CPU Motorola 68000 @ 7.16 MHz 7.09 MHz (PAL)
Memory 512 KB (9.5 MB maximum)
The Amiga 500, also known as the A500, was the first “low-end” Commodore Amiga 16/32-bit multimedia home/personal computer. It was announced at the winter Consumer Electronics
Show in January 1987, at the same time as the high-end Amiga 2000, and competed directly against the Atari 520ST. The A500 was released in mid 1987 at the price of 595.95 USD
without monitor.
The original A500 proved to be Commodore’s best-selling Amiga model, enjoying particular success in Europe. Although popular with hobbyists, arguably its most widespread use
was as a gaming machine, where its advanced graphics and sound were of significant benefit.
Releases
In late 1991, an enhanced model known as the A500 Plus replaced the standard A500 in some markets.
The A500 series was discontinued altogether in mid-1992. The similarly-specified and priced Amiga 600 was marketed as its replacement, although this new machine had originally
been intended as a much cheaper budget model, the A300. In late 1992, Commodore released the “next-generation” Amiga 1200, a machine closer in concept to the original A500, but
featuring significant technical improvements. Despite this, neither the A1200 nor the A600 replicated the commercial success of its predecessor as, by this time, the market was
definitively shifting from the home computer platforms of the past to commodity Wintel PCs and the new low-cost Macintosh LC and IIsi models.
Technical description
Like its predecessor, the Amiga 500 uses a Motorola 68000 microprocessor running at 7.15909 MHz in the NTSC version or 7.09379 MHz in the PAL version. While the 68000 is a 32-
bit chip internally, it has a 16-bit data bus and 24-bit address bus, providing a maximum of 16 MB address space. Also like the Amiga 1000, the 500 uses the OCS chipset.
Graphics can be of arbitrary dimensions, resolution and colour depth, even on the same screen. Without using overscan, the graphics can be 320 or 640 pixels wide by 200 (NTSC
standard) /256 (PAL standard) or 400 (NTSC interlace)/512 (PAL interlace mode) pixels tall. Overscan mode enabled 700 x 600 resolution in PAL machines. Planar graphics
are used, with up to 5 bitplanes (4 in hires), allowing 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 colour screens, from a palette of 4096 colours. Two special graphics modes where also included: Extra
HalfBrite, which used a 6th bitplane as a mask that halved the brightness of any colour seen, and Hold And Modify (HAM), which allowed all 4096 colours on screen at once. Later
revisions of the chipset made PAL/NTSC mode switchable in software. Sound is 4 hardware-mixed channels of 8-bit PCM sound at up to 28 kHz. The hardware channels had independent volumes (65 levels) and sampling rates, and mixed down to two fully left and fully right stereo outputs. Each channel is designated another channel for which it can optionally
modulate both volume and frequency using its own output. A software controllable low-pass audio filter is also included. The machine came standard with 512 KB of Chip RAM and
AmigaOS 1.2 or 1.3. One double-density floppy disk drive is included, which is completely programmable and thus can read 720 KB IBM PC disks, 880 KB standard Amiga disks, and
up to 984 KB with custom formatting (such as Klaus Deppich’s diskspare.device). Breaking with the Amiga 1000, and in keeping with the home computer tradition established by the
VIC-20 and C64, the A500 had its keyboard integrated with the CPU unit, although the floppy disk drive is also integrated, unlike the 8-bit models. The 500 used the standard Amiga two-button mouse.
Despite the lack of Amiga 2000-compatible internal expansion slots, there are many ports and expansion options. There are two Atari 2600 DB9M sockets for joysticks or mice, stereo audio (RCA connectors 1V p-p). There is a floppy drive port for daisy-chaining up to 3 extra floppy disk drives via an DB23F connector.[5]. The then-standard RS-232 serial port (DB25M) and Centronics parallel port (DB25F) is also included. The power supply is (+5 V , +/-12 V).[6] The Amiga 500's graphics are output in analogue RGB 50 Hz PAL and 60 Hz NTSC video output, provided on an Amiga-specific DB23M video connector. It can drive video with 15,75 kHz HSync for standard Amiga video modes but this is not compatible with most VGA monitors. A Multisync monitor is required for some higher resolutions. This connection can also be genlocked to an external video signal. An RF adapter was bundled with the machine to provide output on regular televisions. Monochrome video is available via an RCA connector. There is a Zorro II bus expansion the left side behind a plastic cover and a trapdoor slot under the machine, for RAM expansion and real-time clock.
Somewhat unusually for a budget machine, all chips are socketed rather than through-hole soldered so if the casing is opened up (voiding the warranty), they can be replaced by hand. The CPU can be upgraded to a 68010 directly or to a 68020, 68030 or 68040 via the side expansion slot. The Chip RAM can be upgraded to 1 MB directly on the motherboard, provided a Fat Agnus chip is also installed to support it. In fact, all the custom chips can be upgraded to the ECS chipset. 512 KB of “Slow RAM” or “Trapdoor RAM” can be added via the trapdoor expansion. Such upgrades usually also included a battery-backed clock. If further expansion is desired, up to 8 MB of “Fast RAM” can be added via the side expansion slot. Hard drive and other peripherals can also be added via the side expansion slot. So many options vying for one expansion slot can have made for difficult choices, but several companies provided combined CPU, memory and hard drive upgrades, or provided a pass-through expansion slot so multiple devices can be chained. Expansions are configured automatically by AutoConfig software, so multiple pieces of hardware did not conflict with each other. The Amiga is plug and play.
Technical specifications
* OCS chipset. Later revisions of the chipset made PAL/NTSC mode switchable in software.
o Graphics can be of arbitrary dimensions, resolution and colour depth, even on the same screen.
o Without using overscan, the graphics can be 320 or 640 pixels wide by 200/256 or 400/512 pixels tall.
o Planar graphics are used, with up to 5 bitplanes (4 in hires), allowing 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 colour screens, from a palette of 4096 colours. Two special graphics
modes where also included: Extra HalfBrite, which used a 6th bitplane as a mask that halved the brightness of any colour seen, and Hold And Modify (HAM), which allowed all 4096
colours on screen at once.
o Rhett Anderson developed the so called Sliced HAM or SHM mode, which was a standard 32-color mode, but allowed each video scan line to have its own, independent 32
-color palette. This was possible because of a special co-processor that could reprogram the color palette registers at the beginning of each scan line. The advantage of SHM
files was the ability to display all 4096 colors while eliminating the color blur of HAM compression.
o Sound is 4 hardware-mixed channels of 8-bit sound at up to 28 kHz. The hardware channels had independent volumes (65 levels) and sampling rates, and mixed down to
two fully left and fully right stereo outputs. A software controllable low-pass audio filter is also included.
* 512 KB of Chip RAM.
* AmigaOS 1.2 or 1.3
* One double-density floppy disk drive is included, which is completely programmable and thus can read 720 KB IBM PC disks, 880 KB standard Amiga disks, and up to 984 KB
with custom formatting (such as Klaus Deppich’s diskspare.device).
* Built in keyboard.
* A two-button mouse is included.
Graphics
* PAL mode: 320 x 256, 640 x 256, 640 x 512 (interlace), 700 x 600 in overscan. Max 6 bpp.
* NTSC mode: 320 x 200, 640 x 200, 640 x 400 (interlace).
Connectors
* Two DB9M sockets for joysticks or mice (as popularized by the Atari 2600).
* Stereo audio (RCA connectors 1V p-p).
* A floppy drive port (DB23F), for daisy-chaining up to 3 extra floppy disk drives via an DB23F connector.
* A standard RS-232 serial port (DB25M).
* A parallel port (DB25F).
* Power inlet (+5 V , +/-12 V).[6]
* Analogue RGB 50 Hz PAL and 60 Hz NTSC video output, provided on an Amiga-specific DB23M video connector. Can drive video with 15, 75 kHz HSync for standard Amiga video
modes. This is not compatible with most VGA monitors. A Multisync monitor is required for some higher resolutions. This connection can also be genlocked to an external video
signal. An RF adapter (A520) was bundled with the machine to provide output on regular televisions. A digital 16 colour Red-Green-Blue-Intensity signal is available too on the
same connector.
* Monochrome video via an RCA connector.
* Zorro II bus expansion the left side behind a plastic cover.
* Trapdoor slot under the machine, for RAM expansion and real-time clock.
Expansions
* Expansion ports are limited to a side expansion port and a trapdoor expansion on the underside of the machine. The casing can also be opened up (voiding the warranty),
all chips are socketed rather than through-hole soldered, so they can be replaced by hand.
* The CPU can be upgraded to a 68010 directly or to a 68020, 68030 or 68040 via the side expansion slot.
* The Chip RAM can be upgraded to 1 MB directly on the motherboard, provided a Fat Agnus chip is also installed to support it.
* Likewise, all the custom chips can be upgraded to the ECS chipset.
* 512 KB of “Slow RAM” or “Trapdoor RAM” can be added via the trapdoor expansion. Such upgrades usually also included a battery-backed clock.
* Up to 8 MB of “Fast RAM” can be added via the side expansion slot.
* Hard drive and other peripherals can be added via the side expansion slot.
* Several companies provided combined CPU, memory and hard drive upgrades, or provided chainable expansions, as there is only one side expansion slot.
* Expansions are configured automatically by AutoConfig software, so multiple pieces of hardware did not conflict with each other.
My Collection (as Of January 1, 2009)
3 Units- 1 for parts, 1 in pieces getting a professional paint job. 1 unit I am debating to fix up (future project)
all 3 units are regular A500's
One Very Important detail on the A500's. The A500 have a "tv out" jack on the back that you can hook up a RCA cable to the TV. This will ONLY give you a Black and White picture. In order to have a full color Picture on a TV, you must use an A520 video adaptor. The A520 was included with MOST A500's
EBay
These units are the most easily obtained on Ebay. The average price on should pay is between $40 and $50 USD. You should look for a A520 INCLUDED, for they can fetch up to $30 separately. Included should also be a mouse and a power supply. Most Ebay units also have the A501 Ram expansion, but be forewarned. The A501 has a barrel battery and 99% of units I have seen, the battery has exploded and cause corrosion all over the expansion board.
Notes:
The Downside to the A500 is if you want any expansions (CD rom's , Hard drives, Accelerators Etc), be prepared to pay through the nose. This is almost a paradox, as the A500 was easily the most popular unit sold, so the expansions should be cheap and easily obtained also.
You want to get a second external floppy drive. Saves so much time and headaches, keeping the workbench disk always in the main floppy drive.
I recommend this unit for all the "non-hardware" people, that want a simple unit to learn, that they do not have to mess with. Just plug and play. You will have to boot this unit from a floppy always, but that is a small price to pay.
Amiga Hardware History Pt.2 - the Amiga A1000
All Photos were removed due to Hotlinking
The first Amiga Commodore released was the A1000. Jay Miner had always came to work with his dog Mitchy (it was actually part of his contract with Atari, Amiga And Commodore). Some people suggest that Mitchy designed the Amiga, because Jay always ran his Ideas past him first.
The interesting note on the A1000 is that All the designers (including Mitchy) have there signatures engraved in the inside of the upper shell of the 1000.
Amiga 1000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Commodore Amiga 1000
Type Personal computer
Release date 24 July 1985
Discontinued 1987
Operating system Amiga OS 1.0
CPU Motorola 68000 @ 7.16 MHz 7.09 MHz (PAL)
Memory 256–512 KB (8 MB Maximum)
The A1000, or Commodore Amiga 1000, was Commodore's initial Amiga personal computer, introduced on July 24, 1985 at the Lincoln Center in New York City. Machines began shipping in September with a base configuration of 256KB of RAM at the retail price of US$1,295. A 13-inch analog RGB monitor was available for around US$300 bringing the price of a complete Amiga system to $1,595. Before the release of the Amiga 500 and A2000 models in 1987, the A1000 was simply called Amiga or The Amiga from Commodore.
The A1000 had a number of characteristics that distinguished it from later Amigas: It was the only model to feature the short-lived Amiga "checkmark" logo on its case; the case was elevated slightly to give a storage area for the keyboard when not in use (a "keyboard garage"); and the inside of the case was engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner and the paw print of his dog Mitchy.
Because AmigaOS was rather buggy at the time of the A1000's release, the OS was not placed in ROM. Instead, the A1000 included a daughterboard with 256 KB of RAM, dubbed the "Writable Control Store" (WCS), into which the core of the operating system was loaded from floppy disk (this portion of the operating system was known as the "Kickstart"). The WCS was write-protected after loading, and system resets did not require a reload of the WCS. In Europe the WCS was often referred to as WOM (Write Once Memory) as opposite to ROM (Read Only Memory).
Many A1000 owners remained attached to their machines long after newer models rendered the units technically obsolete, and it attracted numerous aftermarket upgrades. Many CPU upgrades that plugged into the Motorola 68000 socket functioned in the A1000. Additionally, a line of products called the Rejuvenator series allowed the use of newer chipsets in the A1000, and an Australian-designed replacement A1000 motherboard called The Phoenix utilized the same chipset as the A3000 and added an A2000-compatible video slot and onboard SCSI controller.
In 2006 PC World rated the Amiga 1000 as the 7th greatest PC of all time . In 2007 it was rated by the same magazine as the 37th best tech product of all time. In 1994, as Commodore filed for bankruptcy, Byte magazine called the Amiga 1000 "the first multimedia computer... so far ahead of its time that almost nobody--including Commodore's marketing department--could fully articulate what it was all about."
Technical information
The Amiga 1000 had a 7.15909 MHz 68000 CPU (7.09 MHz for PAL machines). This is precisely double the 3.58 MHz NTSC color carrier frequency, and was needed by the Amiga chipset when outputting NTSC video. All frequencies in the Amiga 1000 are derived from this frequency as it simplified glue logic and allowed the Amiga 1000 to make do with a single cheap mass-produced crystal.
Though most units were sold with an analog RGB monitor, the A1000 also had a built-in composite video output which allowed the computer to be connected directly to a TV or VCR.
It is possible to do a direct socket replacement of the standard 7 MHz 68000 CPU with a 68010 CPU. The 68010 executes instructions slightly faster than the 68000, but the conversion also introduces a small degree of software incompatibility.
Technical specifications
Jay Miner's signature from the top cover of a Commodore Amiga 1000 computer. The paw print is that of Mitchy, Miner's dog.
* CPU: Motorola 68000 (7.16 MHz NTSC, 7.09 MHz PAL)
* Chipset: OCS (Original Chipset)
o Audio (Paula):
* 4 voices / 2 channels (Stereo)
* 8-bit resolution / 6-bit volume
* 28 kHz sampling rate
* 70 dB S/N Ratio
o Video (Common resolutions):
* 320×200 with 32 colors or HAM-6
* 320×400i with 32 colors or HAM-6
* 640×200 with 16 colors
* 640×400i with 16 colors
* Memory:
o 8 KB ROM for bootstrap code.
o 256 KB WOM for the OS loaded from kickstart.
o 256 KB of Chip RAM by default, with an additional 256 KB provided by a dedicated cartridge.
o Practical upper limit of about 9 MB of Fast RAM memory due to being limited to an 24-bit address bus.
* This memory can not be utilized by the chipset, and is therefore faster.
* Removable Storage:
o 3.5" DD Floppy drive, capacity 880 KB
* Input/Output connections:
o Composite TV out (PAL versions sold in Europe and Australia, NTSC elsewhere)
o Analogue RGB video plug
o RCA audio plugs, 300 Ohm impedance.
o 2 × Game/Joy ports (used by the mouse)
o Keyboard port
o RS232 Serial port (DB25)
o Centronics Parallel port (DB25)
o Port for external floppy drive
o One expansion port for add-ons (memory, SCSI adaptor, etc), electrically and physically identical to the Amiga 500 expansion port (though, inexplicably, the A500's port was upside-down relative to the port on the A1000)
* Resources handled by AutoConfig.
* Software (Bundled):
o AmigaOS 1.0/1.1/1.2 operating system, loaded from the Kickstart floppy disk at power-on.
o Microsoft Amiga BASIC
o Voice synthesis library
The two versions of the A1000
There were two versions of the Amiga 1000. The first one was sold only in Canada and the United States, had a NTSC display and lacked the EHB video mode which all other models of the Amiga had. Later units of this version would had the EHB mode built in. The second one had a PAL display and the EHB video mode, and was built in Germany.
(AS of January 1, 2009)
1 In my collection
Status: in pieces for paint (yellowed beyond Belief)
Working : Unknown, first bootup before teardown failed, new Power supply ordered, but not tested yet.
Cool notes:
Keyboard slides under unit
Many upgrades possible only with side expansion. There is not really any room inside the case for much upgrades (although some are possible)
There is more RF shielding on this unit than the space shuttle. You could drop a car on it and the motherboard is protected.
Cool for display, but not all that useful (without upgrades) for daily use.
The keyboard is attached to the unit with RJ 10 (almost phone plug) cable.
Average Ebay price:
In the fall of 2007 /spring 2008 these units were rather inexpensive and very easy to get going for an average of $30 to $50 USD in North America. Now, for some unknown reason (i suspect it is hoarders/ dealers) prices have climbed up to average around $100 USD. More of course if you have all the boxes and it is in nice shape.
Be Aware the some People will try to say that a unit with/ or without a Commodore logo on the front is rareer,Some say the ones with are from the UK, but this has never been fully proven. Simple fact is, the first lot that was made did not have the CBM branding on the front and later models did. It doesn't affect the price one way or another. If you wish to get one of these, go for it. It is a cool design.
Sunday, January 4, 2009
The Genisis of Something New.

Hello, welcome to the first ever Amiga lounge post. I plan to make the Lounge very similar to the old CoCo lounge Website I did. Eventually, this site also will have an online store with Amiga stuff you can purchase, A whole history section of each Amiga ever made, and, of course, my ongoing Amiga projects. Due to lack of time though, you will just have to settle with this Blogger site until then.
Questions and comments are always welcome, and you can get a hold of me at amiga(at) Amigalounge.com.
Be FOREWARNED:
I AM NO EXPERT at the Amiga (NOR do I claim to be). If you notice something moronic or wrong, let me know, and I will correct it.
For those of you that are relatively new to the Amiga (or as some call it the miggy) and because I am waiting for parts to come in, I will start off these first few blogs with a bit of history on each machine. Eventually, these will be turned into pages on the site. Even though there are literally thousands of third party peripherals for the Amiga (the BIG BOOK OF AMIGA HARDWARE is a great resource) there were only officially 9 computers and 2 non-computers made by Commodore.
To full appreciate the history of the Amiga, you have to know a bit on the history of Commodore Computers first. Lets face it, Commodore was a fish out of water in the computer game and did not know how to be a computer company (not that many knew how to back then). Commodore had a huge success with the C64 because of price and sat back and let the money come in, they did not know how to market computers and had huge rivals at the top of the Company. The 2 owners Jack Tramiel and Irving Gould. Jack was eventually let go from the company he started and went over to head Atari Computers.
Meanwhile, back in 1980, Jay Miner was working for Atari on the 8 bit systems (Atari 400,800, 2600) and is board with 8 bit systems and begins to plan work on a system based on the 6800 processor. Atari passes on on the idea. In 1982 Jay and Larry Kaplin from Activision start a small company called Hi-Toro, assembling a rag-tag group of people to work on his 68000 design, People think it is a lawn mower company, so they change the name to Amiga incorporated. During this time Dave Morse is recruited as Chief Executive Officer, who leaves his role as vice-president of marketing at Tonka Toys to take the job. Amiga Inc. secretly design a computer called Lorraine (after Dave Morse Wife) . The aim of the Lorraine protoype was to create a monster Gaming machine with a 3.5 inch floppy drive and a keyboard.
In an attempt to finance the project, the Lorraine was shown to several interested investors at the Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago on January 4th, 1984. However, the custom chips weren't finished and the entire project was still held together by four breadboards. During the show RJ Mical and Dale Luck wrote a bouncing ball animation - a demo that showed a red & white sphere bouncing around the screen. The 'Boing Ball' soon became a symbol of the Amigas technical prowess and was later adopted as a symbol of rebellion against the Commodore management. Although there was considerable interest in the hardware, the show did not produce any conclusive results.
By this time debts were piling up and the Amiga team were forced to place all they owned on the line, Dave Morse took out a second mortgage on his house. In an attempt to gain outside funding Amiga Inc. made an appeal to Sony, Apple, Silicon Graphics, Atari, and many others. Although these companies expressed an interest in the Amiga, they did not provide a suitable offer. Steve Jobs of Apple made the excuse that there was too much hardware, even though the newly redesigned board consisted of just three chips. Only Atari Inc. (managed by Warner at the time) made a serious offer for the Amiga custom chips, loaning $500,000 to keep the company alive while a license agreement was constructed. In a 1992 interview, Miner indicated the deal was a last ditch attempt:
"Atari gave us $500,000 with the stipulation that we had one month to come to a deal with them about the future of the Amiga chipset or pay them back, or they got the rights. This was a dumb thing to agree to but there was no choice."
The tentative plans between Amiga and Atari incorporated terms that Atari would purchase one million preferred shares of Amiga at $3 each by September 1st. However, Atari knew that Amiga, Inc. could not pay back the money and started to play dirty, reducing the amount offered to just 98 cents per share for the company. To make matters worse, Atari only wanted the Amiga technology in an attempt to get into the 16 bit market before Commodore (who were working on a Unix box) and had no interest in the team that created it. Amiga grudgingly accepted the offer. However, the Atari deal soon turned sour. On Tuesday July 3rd, Atari employees were informed all 8-bit projects have been canceled and the Amiga project was on hold. Facing cancellation the Amiga team began to look around for other options in an attempt to find a buyer.
While these events are being played out, Jack Tramiel leaves Commodore with half of the engineering staff and is sued by the company for breach of Commodore's propietary secrets. Just a few days later Tramiel purchases Warner's Atari Consumer company to take advantage of its existing manufacture and distribution channels and renames Tramiel Technologies to Atari Corp. He subsequently discovers the original Atari/Amiga agreement and files a $100 million suit in the Santa Clara County Superior Court on Monday, August 13th against Commodore & Jay Miner individually, charging a breach of contract. Atari suggest that Amiga fraudulently dealt with other potential buyers after agreeing to negotiate licensing specific microprocessors to Atari Inc. in return for the $500,000 advance payment. In an attempt to gain revenge on his old company for suing him, Tramiel sought damages and an injunction to prevent Amiga from delivering or selling chips to any other company.
Fortunately help is at hand and Commodore decide that the Amiga is worth the potential cost. Two days later, on August 15th, Commodore International Ltd. announced they would purchase the cash strapped Amiga Inc. In a moment of rebellion, the Amiga team persuaded Commodore to raise its bid to $4.25 a share and give them $1,000,00 to pay their Atari debts. A few weeks the Amiga hardware and its creators moved to the newly created subsidiary, 'Commodore-Amiga Inc.' and continued to develop the newly renamed Amiga computer with 27 million dollars of extra development money.
While Commodore were focussing their resources into the Amiga, the Tramiel-owned Atari had not abandoned their goal of 16-bit domination. Through the use of off-the-shelf hardware and software the company constructed their own 16-bit platform - the Atari ST - in record time. This used a 68k port of the CP/M operating system, which was integrated with the GEM user interface. The result was a single tasking OS that required a love of the colour green to be used over a long period. However, its quick design made it significantly cheaper and easier to manufacture, appearing several months before the Commodore AMIGA. In spite of their initial defeat, Jack Tramiel demonstrated a willingness to dominate his former company in the market place.
Just 11 months after Commodore had bought the ailing Amiga Inc, they unveiled the product of that union. The Commodore Amiga (the initial name of the Amiga 1000) was unveiled at the Lincoln Centre in New York on July 23rd in a media frenzy. For the launch Commodore had hired Andy Warhol & Debbie Harry (lead singer of Blondie) to demonstrate the Amiga's graphics capabilities using Island Graphics Graphicraft. This was accompanied by a full score synthesized by Roger Powell and Mike Boom, author of Musicraft.
The Commodore Amiga was officially launched in September 1985 for $2,500. The world's first Amiga magazine - Amiga World - was launched soon after. At the time this price was a major detractor that placed it in the high-end region occupied by the Apple Macintosh. In comparison, the Atari ST was selling for less than half the price. It was later recognized that this was Commodores' first mistake. Rather than promoting the Amiga as a professional machine, they sought to replicate the success of the Atari ST. However, the Atari ST had built a steady market since its launch that made it a difficult adversary, with the Amiga playing second fiddle to the ST regarding game releases. It is difficult to indicate just how advanced the Amiga was compared to other systems. Apple had a graphical interface but was largely restricted to the black and white monitor display, whilst PCs were still horrible text based systems. The Amiga also had an ace up its sleeve by the fact that it was TV compatible and could be used for editing footage. A task that even now the Mac and PC cannot do as standard. The Juggler demo, consisting of a character juggling reflective balls in a 3D environment, attracted customers to the graphical capabilities. This spurred Electronic Arts to rewrite their IBM PC package, Prism (which was an enhanced port of Doodle for Xerox machines) and release it for the Amiga during September. The rewrite was christened Deluxe Paint and the rest is history.
(some of this information is from www.amigahistory.co.uk)
Thus, the Amiga was born. Later, Commodore would change the name to the Amiga 1000
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